Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from natural resources: Metabolomics and molecular approaches

Abstract The plants are an essential natural source of pharmaceutical agents. They play an important part in new drug discovery and development. However, the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from natural resources is extremely challengeable due to the complexity in traditional methodologies. Recently, new strategy of adjuvant therapy is introduced in drug research. Therefore, natural bioactive compounds are being used in the combination of other marker compounds. Natural products are a rich source of lead molecules and have a unique and diverse chemical structure in drug discovery. The vast number of metabolites typically present in natural products takes part in metabolism pathways. Metabolomics is the scientific study of chemical processes involving metabolites and allows a systematic study of a complex mixture through biological testing systems. Metabolomics improve the effectiveness of previous approaches restoring the relevance of natural products as source of novel potential pharmaceutical agents. Starting from this viewpoint, the aim of this chapter is to address plant based bioactive compounds isolation and analytical techniques employed for the identification of metabolites and the metabolomics applications in the drug discovery process. The molecular approaches of lead compounds from natural sources for the biological activity are also being addressed.

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