Spatial and temporal evolution of lead isotope ratios in the North Atlantic Ocean between 1981 and 1989

29� –68� W). In the early 1980s, 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ratios in the North African Basin averaged 1.193 ± 0.005 (1 s). Similar radiogenic ratios within the level of analytical precision (average 0.29%) were found in the Labrador and Iceland Basins (1.198 ± 0.006) and in the Norwegian Sea (1.196 ± 0.008). These radiogenic mixed layer signatures along with atmospheric global lead emission patterns suggest that most North Atlantic lead in the early 1980s was derived from North American leaded gasoline. Samples in the East Iberian Basin near Portugal and France showed lower 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ratios, between 1.167 and 1.182, indicating a significant influence of less radiogenic atmospheric lead transported from Europe and possibly the influence of the Rio Tinto acid mine drainage very close to shore in the Gulf of Cadiz. [Pb] across the entire North Atlantic Basin ranged between 54 and 145 pmol/kg, with the lowest values (54–74 pmol/kg) found at high latitudes (>65� N). In the late 1980s, surface waters in the western subtropical North Atlantic (North American Basin/ Sargasso Sea, >47� W) and in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic (North African Basin/Central Iberian Basin, 53%). These elemental and isotopic results demonstrate the strongly variable isotopic and elemental signatures of North American and European lead throughout the North Atlantic Ocean, frequently dominated by high 206 Pb/ 207 Pb and [Pb] North

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