Urban Design Guidelines as Design Control Instrument with a case study of the Silver Triangle Superblock, Jakarta

Urban Design Guidelines have been used in Jakarta for controlling the form of the built environment. This planning instrument has been implemented in several central city redevelopment projects particularly in superblock areas. The instrument has gained popularity and implemented in new development and conservation areas as well. Despite its popularity, there is no formal literature on the Indonesian Urban Design Guideline that systematically explain its contents, structure and the formulation process. This dissertation attempts to explain the substantive of urban design guideline and the way to control its implementation. Various streams of urban design theories are presented and evaluated in term of their suitability for attaining a high urbanistic quality in major Indonesian cities. The explanation on the form and the practical application of this planning instrument is elaborated in a comparative investigation of similar instrument in other countries; namely the USA, Britain and Germany. A case study of a superblock development in Jakarta demonstrates the application of the urban design theories and guideline. Currently, the role of computer in the process of formulating the urban design guideline in Indonesia is merely as a replacement of the manual method, particularly in areas of worksheet calculation and design presentation. Further support of computer for urban planning and design tasks has been researched in developed countries, which shows its potential in supporting decision-making process, enabling public participation, team collaboration, documentation and publication of urban design decisions and so on. It is hoped that the computer usage in Indonesian urban design process can catch up with the global trend of multimedia, networking (Internet/Intranet) and interactive functions that is presented with examples from developed countries.

[1]  Anne Vernez Moudon,et al.  A Catholic Approach to Organizing What Urban Designers Should Know , 1992 .

[2]  Mark Launden Crosley.  The Architect's Guide to Computer Aided-Design , 1988 .

[3]  Eko Budihardjo,et al.  Architectural conservation in Bali , 1986 .

[4]  E. Hall,et al.  The Hidden Dimension , 1970 .

[5]  Bernd Streich.  Simulation von Stadtgestalt: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Computereinsatzes , 1983 .

[6]  A. Philip McMahon,et al.  Principles Of Art History , 1932 .

[7]  Barry S. Maitland,et al.  Concepts of urban design , 1984 .

[8]  Lloyd Rodwin,et al.  A Theory of Urban Form , 1958 .

[9]  Thomas Kvan.  Fruitful Exchanges: Professional Implications for Computer-mediated Design , 1995 .

[10]  G. Kepes.  Sign image symbol , 1966 .

[11]  Christopher Alexander.  Notes on the Synthesis of Form , 1964 .

[12]  S. Arono,et al.  Geographic Information Systems: A Management Perspective , 1989 .

[13]  Wolfgang G. Haas.  CAD-Datenaustausch-Knigge : STEP-2DBS für Architekten und Bauingenieure , 1993 .

[14]  Jan Dijkstra,et al.  A time dimension for computer-aided architectural design systems , 1993 .

[15]  Rudolf Arnheim,et al.  Toward a Psychology of Art : Collected Essays , 1967 .

[16]  A. Radford,et al.  Imaging Change : The Computer City Model as a Laboratory for Urban Design Research , 2003 .

[17]  Amos Rapoport,et al.  Human Aspects of Urban Form: Towards a Man Environment Approach to Urban Form and Design , 1977 .

[18]  Hamid Shirvani,et al.  The Urban Design Process , 1985 .

[19]  Kevin Lynch,et al.  The Image of the City , 1960 .

[20]  H D Kammeier.  New Tools for Spatial Analysis and Planning as Components of an Incremental Planning-Support System , 1999 .

[21]  J. Watson,et al.  Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes and Values , 1976 .

[22]  Safei El-Deen Hamed,et al.  A NEW THEORY OF URBAN DESIGN , 1989, Landscape Journal.

[23]  Eugene P. Odum,et al.  THE GRANITE GARDEN: URBAN NATURE AND HUMAN DESIGN , 1984, Landscape Journal.

[24]  A. C. Hall,et al.  Dealing with incremental change: An application of urban morphology to design control , 1997 .

[25]  H. Maertens.  Der Optische-Maassstab, oder, Die Theorie und Praxis des ästhetischen Sehens in den bildenden Künsten : auf Grund der Lehre der physiologischen Optik für die Ateliers und Kunstschulen der Architekten, Bildhauer etc. , 1884 .

[26]  Nancy Jack Todd,et al.  Bioshelters, Ocean Arks, City Farming: Ecology as the Basis of Design , 1984 .

[27]  Rosemary Kehoe Peacher.  The Experience of Place , 1995 .

[28]  Colin Buchanan,et al.  Traffic in Towns , 1964 .

[29]  Michael Trieb.  Stadtgestaltung : Theorie und Praxis , 1974 .

[30]  J. Gibson.  The Senses Considered As Perceptual Systems , 1967 .

[31]  R. Yaro.  Dealing with Change in the Connecticut River Valley: A Design Manual for Conservation and Development , 1989 .

[32]  Michael Trieb,et al.  Stadtgestaltungspolitik : Aufgaben, Instrumente, Strategien , 1979 .

[33]  W. Davis van Bakergem,et al.  Making the problem visible: project specific information in collaborative design , 1993 .

[34]  I. Mcharg.  Design With Nature , 1969 .

[35]  Irwin Altman,et al.  Environment and culture , 1980 .

[36]  Alan Alcock,et al.  Responsive environments: A manual for designers , 1985 .

[37]  Anne Vernez Moudon,et al.  Public streets for public use , 1987 .

[38]  J. Nelson,et al.  Access to Power: Politics and the Urban Poor in Developing Nations. , 1981 .

[39]  R. Home.  Of planting and planning: the making of British colonial cities (2nd ed) , 2013 .

[40]  John Punter,et al.  Developments in urban design review: The lessons of west coast cities of the United States for British practice , 1996 .

[41]  Gerhard Curdes.  Stadtstruktur und Stadtgestaltung , 1993 .

[42]  O. Newman,et al.  Defensible Space; Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. , 1973 .

[43]  G. Broadbent.  Emerging concepts in urban space design , 1990 .

[44]  George R. Collins,et al.  Camillo Sitte : the birth of modern city planning , 2006 .

[45]  Murray Silverstein,et al.  A Pattern Language , 1977 .

[46]  Thomas Kvan.  But is it Collaboration , 1997 .

[47]  Donald Appleyard,et al.  The View From the Road , 1965 .

[48]  Yoshinobu Ashihara.  The Aesthetic Townscape , 1983 .

[49]  Mary Lou Maher,et al.  An experimental study of computer mediated collaborative design , 1996, Proceedings of WET ICE '96. IEEE 5th Workshop on Enabling Technologies; Infrastucture for Collaborative Enterprises.

[50]  C. Norberg-Schulz.  Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture , 1979 .

[51]  A. Hubbard.  What are sustainable communities , 1996 .

[52]  G. R. Somantri.  Migration within cities : a study of socio-economic processes, intra-city migration and gross-roots politics in Jakarta , 1995 .

[53]  Lea Jellinek,et al.  The Wheel of Fortune: The History of a Poor Community in Jakarta , 1991 .

[54]  Edmund N. Bacon.  Design of Cities , 1967 .

[55]  H. Kammeier.  A computer-aided strategic approach to decision making in urban planning: an exploratory case study in Thailand , 1998 .

[56]  L. Mumford,et al.  The City in History. Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects , 1961 .

[57]  Thomas H. Lewis.  The Silent Language , 1961 .

[58]  Gordon Cullen.  The Concise Townscape , 1971 .

[59]  Hamid Shirvani.  Beyond Public Architecture: Strategies for Design Evaluation , 1990 .

[60]  Christopher Alexander,et al.  The Timeless Way of Building , 1979 .

[61]  Varkki George Pallathucheril.  A procedural explanation for contemporary urban design , 1997 .

[62]  Matthew Carmona,et al.  The Design Dimension of Planning , 2018, Planning Practice.

[63]  John Montgomery,et al.  Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design , 1998 .

[64]  K. Lynch.  What time is this place , 1972 .

[65]  E. Odum.  Fundamentals of Ecology. , 1955 .

[66]  Jon Lang,et al.  Implementing urban design in America: project types and methodological implications , 1996 .

[67]  Yoshinobu Ashihara.  Exterior Design in Architecture , 1970 .

[68]  Cliff Moughtin,et al.  Urban Design: Street and Square , 1992 .

[69]  David Chapman,et al.  Urban design, urban quality and the quality of life: Reviewing the department of the environment's urban design campaign , 1999 .

[70]  John Punter.  Design guidelines in American cities : a review of design policies and guidance in five West Coast cities , 1999 .

[71]  Dimitri Procos.  Mixed land use : from revival to innovation , 1976 .

[72]  Paul D. Spreiregen,et al.  Urban design, the architecture of towns and cities , 1965 .

[73]  D. Appleyard.  Planning a Pluralist City: Conflicting Realities in Ciudad Guayana , 1976 .

[74]  A. C. Hall.  Design Control: Towards a New Approach , 1996 .

[75]  Margaret McAvin.  THE POETICS OF GARDENS , 1990, Landscape Journal.

[76]  Leslie Martín,et al.  Urban Space and Structures , 1972 .

[77]  Kevin Lynch,et al.  A Theory of Good City Form , 1981 .

[78]  Leland M. Roth.  The City Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meanings Through History , 1992 .

[79]  A. Rossi,et al.  Die Architektur der Stadt : Skizze zu einer grundlegenden Theorie des Urbanen , 1973 .

[80]  Jonathan Barnett,et al.  An introduction to urban design , 1982 .

[81]  R. Downs,et al.  Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience , 1978 .

[82]  Daniela Bertol.  Visualizing with CAD - an AUTO CAD exploration of geometric and architectural forms , 1994 .

[83]  D. Canter.  The psychology of place , 1977 .

[84]  John S. Gero,et al.  Knowledge-Based Design Systems , 1989 .