SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS (SCHER)

Three independent non-food Scientific Committees provide the Commission with the scientific advice it needs when preparing policy and proposals relating to consumer safety, public health and the environment. The Committees also draw the Commission's attention to the new or emerging problems which may pose an actual or potential threat. SCHER Questions relating to examinations of the toxicity and ecotoxicity of chemicals, biochemicals and biological compound whose use may have harmful consequences for human health and the environment. In particular, the Committee addresses questions related to new and existing chemicals, the restriction and marketing of dangerous substances, biocides, waste, environmental contaminants, plastic and other materials used for water pipe work (e.g. new organics substances), drinking water, indoor and ambient air quality. It addresses questions relating to human exposure to mixtures of chemicals, sensitisation and identification of endocrine disrupters. The opinions of the Scientific Committees present the views of the independent scientists who are members of the committees. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. The opinions are published by the European Commission in their original language only. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Members of the working group are acknowledged for their valuable contribution to this opinion:

[1]  Karen A Kidd,et al.  Collapse of a fish population after exposure to a synthetic estrogen , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[2]  Gerd Maack,et al.  Gene expression profiles revealing the mechanisms of anti-androgen- and estrogen-induced feminization in fish. , 2007, Aquatic toxicology.

[3]  J. J. Espinosa-Aguirre,et al.  Nitrocompound activation by cell-free extracts of nitroreductase-proficient Salmonella typhimurium strains. , 2006, Mutagenesis.

[4]  L. Crosby,et al.  Major carcinogenic pathways identified by gene expression analysis of peritoneal mesotheliomas following chemical treatment in F344 rats. , 2006, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[5]  C. P. Rooney,et al.  Soil factors controlling the expression of copper toxicity to plants in a wide range of European soils , 2006, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[6]  H. Glatt,et al.  Biomarkers of Exposure, Effect, and Susceptibility in Workers Exposed to Nitrotoluenes , 2006, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention.

[7]  J Tickner,et al.  Evaluation and further development of EASE model 2.0. , 2005, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[8]  Colin R. Janssen,et al.  Field validation of sediment zinc toxicity , 2005, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[9]  C. Wood,et al.  Interaction of dietary sodium chloride and waterborne copper in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): copper toxicity and sodium and chloride homeostasis , 2005 .

[10]  Colin R. Janssen,et al.  Acclimation of Daphnia magna to environmentally realistic copper concentrations. , 2003, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.

[11]  T. Devereux,et al.  o-Nitrotoluene-induced large intestinal tumors in B6C3F1 mice model human colon cancer in their molecular pathogenesis. , 2003, Carcinogenesis.

[12]  J. Pacyna,et al.  An assessment of global and regional emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources worldwide , 2001 .

[13]  Colin R. Janssen,et al.  Zinc acclimation and its effect on the zinc tolerance of Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris in laboratory experiments. , 2001, Chemosphere.

[14]  J. Sumpter,et al.  Effects of the synthetic estrogen 17α‐ethinylestradiol on the life‐cycle of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) , 2001 .

[15]  C. Wood,et al.  Copper metabolism and gut morphology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during chronic sublethal dietary copper exposure , 2001 .

[16]  C. Wood,et al.  Physiological effects of chronic copper exposure to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in hard and soft water: Evaluation of chronic indicators , 2000 .

[17]  J. Martin,et al.  Dissolved trace metals in the Western Mediterranean Sea: total concentration and fraction isolated by C18 Sep-Pak technique , 1999 .

[18]  W. Norwood,et al.  Toxicity and accumulation of zinc and copper in Hyalella azteca exposed to metal-spiked sediments , 1997 .

[19]  G. Ankley,et al.  Effects of acid‐volatile sulfide on zinc bioavailability and toxicity to benthic macroinvertebrates: A spiked‐sediment field experiment , 1996 .

[20]  M. Elwell.  NTP Comparative Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Studies of o-Nitrotoluene and o-Toluidine Hydrochloride (CAS Nos. 88-72-2 and 636-21-5) Administered in Feed to Male F344/N Rats. , 1996, Toxicity report series.

[21]  Y. W. Lee,et al.  Carcinogenic nickel silences gene expression by chromatin condensation and DNA methylation: a new model for epigenetic carcinogens , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[22]  Jerome O. Nriagu,et al.  A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals , 1989, Nature.

[23]  J. Nriagu,et al.  Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals , 1988, Nature.

[24]  D. Swartzendruber,et al.  Comparison of protein, RNA, and DNA binding and cell-cycle-specific growth inhibitory effects of nickel compounds in cultured cells. , 1982, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[25]  R. Ciccarelli,et al.  Solubilization of the carcinogen nickel subsulfide and its interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid and protein. , 1982, Biochemistry.

[26]  P. Camner,et al.  Morphology and function of alveolar macrophages after long-term nickel exposure. , 1980, Environmental research.

[27]  H. Mollenhauer,et al.  Phagocytosis of nickel subsulfide particles during the early stages of neoplastic transformation in tissue culture. , 1980, Cancer research.

[28]  Zijian Wang,et al.  Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol. , 2007, Chemosphere.