New concept ultraviolet photodetectors

Benefitting from the continuous innovations in semiconductor materials and device fabricating techniques, ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors have been successfully used in advanced communications, flame detection, air purification, ozone sensing and leak detection, among others, in the past few decades. Nowadays, nanoscience, nanofabrication technologies and versatile materials have sparked a new vision of UV photodetectors, which move toward higher precision, lower energy consumption and greater miniaturization. This paper is thus mainly focused on the perspective of molding devices through exploring new materials and novel architectures inspired by state-of-the-art UV photodetectors, predicting the direction of next-generation photodetectors. It is expected that new concept UV photodetectors with smart, intelligent and multifunctional design will benefit daily life and the well-being of society in the near future.

[1]  Xiaodong Xu,et al.  Plasmon resonance in individual nanogap electrodes studied using graphene nanoconstrictions as photodetectors. , 2011, Nano letters.

[2]  W. Dong,et al.  $\hbox{Zr}_{0.27}\hbox{Ti}_{0.73}\hbox{O}_{2}$ -Based MSM Ultraviolet Detectors With Pt Electrodes , 2011, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[3]  T. Hsueh,et al.  Water- and humidity-enhanced UV detector by using p-type La-doped ZnO nanowires on flexible polyimide substrate. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[4]  H. Atwater,et al.  Plasmon dispersion in coaxial waveguides from single-cavity optical transmission measurements. , 2009, Nano letters.

[5]  Jr-Hau He,et al.  Few-Layer MoS2 with high broadband Photogain and fast optical switching for use in harsh environments. , 2013, ACS nano.

[6]  Muhammad Safdar,et al.  High-performance UV-visible-NIR broad spectral photodetectors based on one-dimensional In₂Te₃ nanostructures. , 2012, Nano letters.

[7]  D. Shen,et al.  Reliable self-powered highly spectrum-selective ZnO ultraviolet photodetectors , 2013 .

[8]  D. Shen,et al.  Self-powered spectrum-selective photodetectors fabricated from n-ZnO/p-NiO core–shell nanowire arrays , 2013 .

[9]  Meiyong Liao,et al.  Single Schottky-barrier photodiode with interdigitated-finger geometry: Application to diamond , 2007 .

[10]  S. Demers,et al.  The effects of UV radiation in the marine environment: Enhanced UV radiation – a new problem for the marine environment , 2000 .

[11]  J. Y. Zhang,et al.  MgxZn1−xO-based photodetectors covering the whole solar-blind spectrum range , 2008 .

[12]  C. Zhi,et al.  Ultrahigh quantum efficiency of CuO nanoparticle decorated In2Ge2O7 nanobelt deep-ultraviolet photodetectors. , 2012, Nanoscale.

[13]  G. Konstantatos,et al.  Nanostructured materials for photon detection. , 2010, Nature nanotechnology.

[14]  Manijeh Razeghi,et al.  Semiconductor ultraviolet detectors , 1996 .

[15]  Meiyong Liao,et al.  New Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on Individual Nb2O5 Nanobelts , 2011 .

[16]  Tien-Chang Lu,et al.  Strong light–matter interaction in ZnO microcavities , 2013, Light: Science & Applications.

[17]  A. Pasquarello,et al.  Band offsets at the Ge/GeO2 interface through hybrid density functionals , 2009 .

[18]  D. Shen,et al.  Tunable enhancement of exciton emission from MgZnO by hybridized quadrupole plasmons in Ag nanoparticle aggregation , 2014 .

[19]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Self-powered ultrasensitive nanowire photodetector driven by a hybridized microbial fuel cell. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[20]  D. Shen,et al.  Realization of A Self-Powered ZnO MSM UV Photodetector with High Responsivity Using An Asymmetric Pair of Au Electrodes , 2014 .

[21]  D. He,et al.  Ultraviolet photoconductance of a single hexagonal WO3 nanowire , 2010 .

[22]  Peter Nordlander,et al.  Graphene-antenna sandwich photodetector. , 2012, Nano letters.

[23]  Xiang Zhang,et al.  Toward integrated plasmonic circuits , 2012 .

[24]  Bin Liu,et al.  SnO2-microtube-assembled cloth for fully flexible self-powered photodetector nanosystems. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[25]  Linfeng Hu,et al.  General Fabrication of Monolayer SnO2 Nanonets for High‐Performance Ultraviolet Photodetectors , 2012 .

[26]  R. Ma,et al.  New UV‐A Photodetector Based on Individual Potassium Niobate Nanowires with High Performance , 2014 .

[27]  Yong Xu,et al.  The absolute energy positions of conduction and valence bands of selected semiconducting minerals , 2000 .

[28]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Single crystalline lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nano/micro-wire based self-powered UV sensor , 2012 .

[29]  D. Shen,et al.  Artificial leaf structures as a UV detector formed by the self-assembly of ZnO nanoparticles. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[30]  L. Dai,et al.  Fast-speed and high-gain photodetectors of individual single crystalline Zn3P2 nanowires , 2011 .

[31]  David J. Singh,et al.  Light scattering and surface plasmons on small spherical particles , 2014, 1407.2345.

[32]  C. R. Liu,et al.  An amorphous SiC/Si heterojunction p-i-n diode for low-noise and high-sensitivity UV detector , 1992 .

[33]  Bo G Leckner,et al.  The spectral distribution of solar radiation at the earth's surface—elements of a model , 1978 .

[34]  Xingao Gong,et al.  An Optimized Ultraviolet‐A Light Photodetector with Wide‐Range Photoresponse Based on ZnS/ZnO Biaxial Nanobelt , 2012, Advanced materials.

[35]  Masakazu Aono,et al.  ZnO-Based Ultraviolet Photodetectors , 2010, Sensors.

[36]  M. Aono,et al.  Giant Improvement of the Performance of ZnO Nanowire Photodetectors by Au Nanoparticles , 2010 .

[37]  Hossam Haick,et al.  Flexible sensors based on nanoparticles. , 2013, ACS nano.

[38]  Mark L. Brongersma,et al.  Plasmonics: the next chip-scale technology , 2006 .

[39]  Qian Liu,et al.  High detectivity solar-blind high-temperature deep-ultraviolet photodetector based on multi-layered (l00) facet-oriented β-Ga₂O₃ nanobelts. , 2014, Small.

[40]  Peidong Yang,et al.  Semiconductor nanowire: what's next? , 2010, Nano letters.

[41]  D. Shen,et al.  Dual-color ultraviolet photodetector based on mixed-phase-MgZnO/i-MgO/p-Si double heterojunction , 2012 .

[42]  D. Shen,et al.  Realization of cubic ZnMgO photodetectors for UVB applications , 2015 .

[43]  Stefan A Maier,et al.  Plasmonics: The benefits of darkness. , 2009, Nature materials.

[44]  Steven Q. Wang,et al.  Skin cancer: role of ultraviolet radiation in carcinogenesis , 2014, Reviews on environmental health.

[45]  E. Monroy,et al.  Wide-bandgap semiconductor ultraviolet photodetectors , 2003 .

[46]  H. Duan,et al.  Nanocrystalline TiO2 film based photoelectrochemical cell as self-powered UV-photodetector , 2012 .

[47]  Y. Bando,et al.  An Efficient Way to Assemble ZnS Nanobelts as Ultraviolet‐Light Sensors with Enhanced Photocurrent and Stability , 2010 .

[48]  Hui Wu,et al.  A flexible and transparent ceramic nanobelt network for soft electronics , 2014 .

[49]  Chao Liu,et al.  Ultrafast, superhigh gain visible-blind UV detector and optical logic gates based on nonpolar a-axial GaN nanowire. , 2014, Nanoscale.

[50]  D. Shen,et al.  Hybrid quadrupolar resonances stimulated at short wavelengths using coupled plasmonic silver nanoparticle aggregation , 2014 .

[51]  J. Shan,et al.  Atomically thin MoS₂: a new direct-gap semiconductor. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[52]  Min Chen,et al.  Stacking‐Order‐Dependent Optoelectronic Properties of Bilayer Nanofilm Photodetectors Made From Hollow ZnS and ZnO Microspheres , 2012, Advanced materials.

[53]  Claire M. Cobley,et al.  Controlling the synthesis and assembly of silver nanostructures for plasmonic applications. , 2011, Chemical reviews.

[54]  Bruce E. Stuck,et al.  Guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between 180 nm and 400 nm (incoherent optical radiation). , 2004, Health physics.

[55]  Hai Zhu,et al.  High Spectrum Selectivity Ultraviolet Photodetector Fabricated from an n-ZnO/p-GaN Heterojunction , 2008 .

[56]  Lin Wei,et al.  High-performance self-powered UV photodetectors based on TiO2 nano-branched arrays , 2014, Nanotechnology.

[57]  Manijeh Razeghi,et al.  Avalanche multiplication in AlGaN based solar-blind photodetectors , 2005 .

[58]  P. Nordlander,et al.  Plasmonic nanoclusters: near field properties of the Fano resonance interrogated with SERS. , 2012, Nano letters.

[59]  Linfeng Hu,et al.  Low‐Dimensional Nanostructure Ultraviolet Photodetectors , 2013, Advanced materials.

[60]  Hong Jiang,et al.  Realization of a High‐Performance GaN UV Detector by Nanoplasmonic Enhancement , 2012, Advanced materials.

[61]  Linfeng Hu,et al.  High‐Performance NiCo2O4 Nanofilm Photodetectors Fabricated by an Interfacial Self‐Assembly Strategy , 2011, Advanced materials.

[62]  Albert Polman,et al.  Optimized Spatial Correlations for Broadband Light Trapping Nanopatterns in High Efficiency Ultrathin Film A-si:h Solar Cells , 2022 .

[63]  Yitai Qian,et al.  High‐Performance Blue/Ultraviolet‐Light‐Sensitive ZnSe‐Nanobelt Photodetectors , 2009, Advanced materials.

[64]  W. Cai,et al.  Plasmonics for extreme light concentration and manipulation. , 2010, Nature materials.

[65]  A. Alshahrie,et al.  Controlled Growth from ZnS Nanoparticles to ZnS–CdS Nanoparticle Hybrids with Enhanced Photoactivity , 2015 .

[66]  H. Qi,et al.  Characteristics of 355 nm Laser Damage in Bulk Materials , 2013 .

[67]  Chaoyi Yan,et al.  Wide-bandgap Zn2GeO4 nanowire networks as efficient ultraviolet photodetectors with fast response and recovery time , 2010 .

[68]  D. Norton,et al.  Plasmon-exciton hybridization in ZnO quantum-well Al nanodisc heterostructures. , 2012, Nano letters.

[69]  Dongxu Zhao,et al.  Visible and ultraviolet light alternative photodetector based on ZnO nanowire/n-Si heterojunction , 2008 .

[70]  Tae Whan Kim,et al.  Photoresponse mechanisms of ultraviolet photodetectors based on colloidal ZnO quantum dot-graphene nanocomposites , 2013 .

[71]  Zhifeng Ren,et al.  Metallic nanostructures for light trapping in energy-harvesting devices , 2014, Light: Science & Applications.

[72]  K. Nishi,et al.  Si Nano-Photodiode with a Surface Plasmon Antenna , 2005, LEOS 2007 - IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings.

[73]  Meiyong Liao,et al.  Arbitrary Multicolor Photodetection by Hetero-integrated Semiconductor Nanostructures , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[74]  K. Ding,et al.  MgZnO-based metal-semiconductor-metal solar-blind photodetectors on ZnO substrates , 2011 .

[75]  P. Glaser.  Power from the sun: its future. , 1968, Science.

[76]  H. Atwater,et al.  Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices. , 2010, Nature materials.

[77]  W. Ge,et al.  Influence of Mg content on molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown ZnMgS ultraviolet photodetectors , 2004 .

[78]  D. Shen,et al.  Single-crystalline cubic MgZnO films and their application in deep-ultraviolet optoelectronic devices , 2009 .

[79]  D. Shen,et al.  Tunable Hybridized Quadrupole Plasmons and Their Coupling with Excitons in ZnMgO/Ag System , 2014 .

[80]  Wei Tian,et al.  Recent advances in solution-processed inorganic nanofilm photodetectors. , 2014, Chemical Society reviews.

[81]  L. Gu,et al.  Interface engineering of high-Mg-content MgZnO/BeO/Si for p-n heterojunction solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors , 2011 .

[82]  Yan Zhao,et al.  Band Gap Tunable Zn2SnO4 Nanocubes through Thermal Effect and Their Outstanding Ultraviolet Light Photoresponse , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[83]  Z. Wang.  Self‐Powered Nanosensors and Nanosystems , 2012, Advanced materials.

[84]  Meiyong Liao,et al.  Ultrahigh external quantum efficiency from thin SnO2 nanowire ultraviolet photodetectors. , 2011, Small.

[85]  P. Nordlander,et al.  Designing and deconstructing the Fano lineshape in plasmonic nanoclusters. , 2012, Nano letters.

[86]  Takashi Sekiguchi,et al.  Single‐Crystalline ZnS Nanobelts as Ultraviolet‐Light Sensors , 2009 .