Generation of biogas from coffee-pulp and cow-dung co-digestion: Infrared studies of postcombustion emissions

Biogas could be produced by the co-digestion of coffee-pulp and cow-dung mixture under solar radiation. Gas chromatography and FTIR spectroscopy were used to analyze the chemical compositions of the generated biogas and its postcombustion emissions. From the first month of co-digestion at mesophylic conditions, methane content in the biogas attains 50% of the yield. This content increased up to 60% and remained almost constant for at least 8 months of further digestion. The FTIR gas spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of over 70 chemical compounds in the biogas generated after 4 months of co-digestion along with several compounds hazardous to environment and animal health like isocyanic acid, and bromomethane. Combustion emission of the biogas contained several components like CH4 ,C 3H8, CO, SO2, HI, and probably Br2 which are strongly harmful to human and animal health. Results presented in this work indicate that if the biogas is to be considered as a fuel, the conventional combustion technology has to be upgraded to prevent these hazardous emissions to the atmosphere.

[1]  Soccol,et al.  Biological detoxification of coffee husk by filamentous fungi using a solid state fermentation system. , 2000, Enzyme and microbial technology.

[2]  A. Tekin,et al.  Biogas production from olive pomace , 2000 .

[3]  Bo Mattiasson,et al.  Anaerobic batch co-digestion of sisal pulp and fish wastes. , 2004, Bioresource technology.

[4]  Don W. Green,et al.  Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook , 2007 .

[5]  Ruihong Zhang,et al.  Biogasification of rice straw with an anaerobic-phased solids digester system , 1999 .

[6]  Michael Kornaros,et al.  ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF OLIVE MILL WASTEWATER , 2009 .

[7]  B. Mattiasson,et al.  Anaerobic batch digestion of solid potato waste alone and in combination with sugar beet leaves , 2004 .

[8]  Ayhan Demirbas,et al.  Recovery of Energy and Chemicals from Carbonaceous Materials , 2006 .

[9]  H. J. Banks,et al.  Bromine-containing residues resulting from fumigation of grain with methyl bromide-carbon dioxide mixtures , 1987 .

[10]  Mohan,et al.  Biotechnological potential of coffee pulp and coffee husk for bioprocesses. , 2000, Biochemical engineering journal.

[11]  Yong-guan Zhu,et al.  Adsorption and desorption of iodine by various Chinese soils: II. Iodide and iodate , 2009 .

[12]  R. Thompson.  A review of the properties and usage of methyl bromide as a fumigant , 1966 .

[13]  P. Funk,et al.  Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste and agricultural waste and the effect of co-digestion with dairy cow manure. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[14]  S. Fennimore,et al.  Evaluation of non-fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide for weed control and crop yield in California strawberries (Fragaria ananassa L.) , 2011 .

[15]  R. Carlson.  Automated separation and conductimetric determination of ammonia and dissolved carbon dioxide , 1978 .

[16]  Sven G Sommer,et al.  Biological degradation and greenhouse gas emissions during pre-storage of liquid animal manure. , 2004, Journal of environmental quality.

[17]  Søren Husted,et al.  Seasonal variation in methane emission from stored slurry and solid manures , 1994 .

[18]  B. Dlugogorski,et al.  Toxic pollutants emitted from thermal decomposition of phthalimide compounds. , 2011, Journal of hazardous materials.

[19]  Krishna Nand,et al.  Anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable processing wastes for biogas production , 1992 .

[20]  Solange I. Mussatto,et al.  Production, Composition, and Application of Coffee and Its Industrial Residues , 2011 .

[21]  Hinrich Hartmann,et al.  Anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste: influence of co-digestion with manure. , 2005, Water research.

[22]  M. Hamdi.  Anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewaters , 1996 .

[23]  Y. Çengel,et al.  Thermodynamics : An Engineering Approach , 1989 .

[24]  Don W. Green,et al.  Perry's chemical engineers' handbook. 7th ed. , 1997 .

[25]  C. Forster,et al.  Batch co-digestion of multi-component agro-wastes. , 2001, Bioresource technology.

[26]  Cinzia Buratti,et al.  Biogas production from different substrates in an experimental Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor anaerobic digester. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[27]  S. Yates,et al.  Adsorption and catalytic decomposition of methyl bromide and methyl iodide on activated carbons , 2001 .

[28]  R. Sainsbury,et al.  Effects of repeated hydrogen sulphide (H2S) exposure on learning and memory in the adult rat. , 2001, Neurotoxicology.

[29]  M. Gerzabek,et al.  Transfer of iodine from soil to cereal grains in agricultural areas of Austria. , 2001, The Science of the total environment.

[30]  Joan Mata-Álvarez,et al.  Anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes. An overview of research achievements and perspectives , 2000 .

[31]  Cinzia Buratti,et al.  Anaerobic digestion of mechanically treated OFMSW: experimental data on biogas/methane production and residues characterization. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[32]  W. Lopes,et al.  Influence of inoculum on performance of anaerobic reactors for treating municipal solid waste. , 2004, Bioresource technology.

[33]  Moktar Hamdi,et al.  Bioreactor performance in anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes , 2005 .

[34]  B. Ahring,et al.  Methane productivity of manure, straw and solid fractions of manure , 2004 .

[35]  V. Feron,et al.  Chronic inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity study of methyl bromide in Wistar rats. , 1991, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[36]  Leandro S. Oliveira,et al.  Kinetics and equilibrium studies of methylene blue adsorption by spent coffee grounds. , 2009 .

[37]  A. Hasebe,et al.  Iodine desorption from rice paddy soil , 1996 .

[38]  Carlos Ricardo Soccol,et al.  Cultivation of Pleurotus mushrooms onBrazilian coffee husk and effects of caffeine and tannic acid , 2003 .

[39]  Dieter Deublein,et al.  Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources: An Introduction , 2008 .

[40]  Martha Simpson-Holley,et al.  Bring on the biorefinery , 2007 .

[41]  H. N. Chanakya,et al.  Performance characteristics of a solid-phase biogas fermentor , 1995 .

[42]  Yong-guan Zhu,et al.  Adsorption and desorption of iodine by various Chinese soils: I. Iodate. , 2004, Environment international.

[43]  C. Gallert,et al.  Scale-up of anaerobic digestion of the biowaste fraction from domestic wastes. , 2003, Water research.

[44]  J. Stanek,et al.  Hydrogen Sulfide: Integrative Analysis of Acute Toxicity Data for Estimating Human Health Risk , 2011 .

[45]  C. Forster,et al.  Continuous co-digestion of cattle slurry with fruit and vegetable wastes and chicken manure , 2002 .

[46]  Moktar Hamdi,et al.  Bioreactor performance in anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes , 2005 .

[47]  D. Martínez-Carrera,et al.  NATURAL MICROORGANISMS OF THE FRESH COFFEE PULP , 1993 .

[48]  K. A. A. Appaiah,et al.  Utilization of phytotoxic agro waste— Coffee cherry husk through pretreatment by the ascomycetes fungi Mycotypha for biomethanation , 2011 .