Empagliflozin and kidney outcomes in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease: Results from the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME® trial

In the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME® trial, empagliflozin added to standard of care improved clinically relevant kidney outcomes by 39%, slowed progression of chronic kidney disease, and reduced albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. This exploratory analysis investigated the effects of empagliflozin on the kidneys in Asian patients.

[1]  M. Uder,et al.  Elevated tissue sodium deposition in patients with type 2 diabetes on hemodialysis detected by 23Na magnetic resonance imaging. , 2018, Kidney international.

[2]  Frank B. Hu,et al.  Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications , 2018, Nature Reviews Endocrinology.

[3]  B. Zinman,et al.  Effects of empagliflozin on risk for cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization across the spectrum of heart failure risk in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial , 2018, European heart journal.

[4]  B. Zinman,et al.  Cardiovascular Mortality Reduction With Empagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. , 2018, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[5]  B. Zinman,et al.  Empagliflozin and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Established Cardiovascular Disease, and Chronic Kidney Disease , 2018, Circulation.

[6]  B. Zinman,et al.  Effects of empagliflozin on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease: an exploratory analysis from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME randomised, placebo-controlled trial. , 2017, The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology.

[7]  M. Woodward,et al.  Comparative effects of microvascular and macrovascular disease on the risk of major outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes , 2017, Cardiovascular Diabetology.

[8]  D. Wheeler,et al.  KDIGO 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline Update for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) , 2017, Kidney international supplements.

[9]  K. Mahaffey,et al.  Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes , 2017, The New England journal of medicine.

[10]  Gaosi Xu,et al.  SGLT2 inhibitors: a novel choice for the combination therapy in diabetic kidney disease , 2017, Cardiovascular Diabetology.

[11]  B. Zinman,et al.  Empagliflozin and Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at High Cardiovascular Risk , 2017, Stroke.

[12]  M. Nieuwdorp,et al.  SGLT2 Inhibition in the Diabetic Kidney-From Mechanisms to Clinical Outcome. , 2017, Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN.

[13]  Connie M. Rhee,et al.  Insights from Screening a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population for Chronic Kidney Disease , 2017, American Journal of Nephrology.

[14]  H. Woerle,et al.  Empagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Asian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease　- Results From EMPA-REG OUTCOME®. , 2017, Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society.

[15]  Y. Shiraishi,et al.  Increased Hematocrit During Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Therapy Indicates Recovery of Tubulointerstitial Function in Diabetic Kidneys , 2016, Journal of clinical medicine research.

[16]  L. Ji,et al.  Predictors of Renal Function Decline in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and in a Subgroup of Normoalbuminuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study. , 2016, Diabetes technology & therapeutics.

[17]  John M Lachin,et al.  Empagliflozin and Progression of Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes. , 2016, The New England journal of medicine.

[18]  D. Yabe,et al.  Incretin‐based drugs for type 2 diabetes: Focus on East Asian perspectives , 2016, Journal of diabetes investigation.

[19]  K. Chia,et al.  Ethnic disparities in risk of cardiovascular disease, end‐stage renal disease and all‐cause mortality: a prospective study among Asian people with Type 2 diabetes , 2016, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[20]  Merlin C. Thomas,et al.  Changing epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated chronic kidney disease , 2016, Nature Reviews Nephrology.

[21]  B. Zinman,et al.  Heart failure outcomes with empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk: results of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial , 2016, European heart journal.

[22]  N. Sattar,et al.  Type 2 diabetes in migrant south Asians: mechanisms, mitigation, and management. , 2015, The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology.

[23]  B. Zinman,et al.  Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. , 2015, The New England journal of medicine.

[24]  M. Halim,et al.  Diabetic kidney disease: world wide difference of prevalence and risk factors , 2015, Journal of nephropharmacology.

[25]  Y. Uchigata,et al.  Differences in risk factors for the onset of albuminuria and decrease in glomerular filtration rate in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: implications for the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease , 2015, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[26]  S. Seino,et al.  β Cell Dysfunction Versus Insulin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes in East Asians , 2015, Current Diabetes Reports.

[27]  R. Ozaki,et al.  Metabolic profiles and treatment gaps in young-onset type 2 diabetes in Asia (the JADE programme): a cross-sectional study of a prospective cohort. , 2014, The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology.

[28]  U. Broedl,et al.  Characterisation of glomerular haemodynamic responses to SGLT2 inhibition in patients with type 1 diabetes and renal hyperfiltration , 2014, Diabetologia.

[29]  B. Zinman,et al.  Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of a randomized, placebo-controlled cardiovascular outcome trial of empagliflozin (EMPA-REG OUTCOME™) , 2014, Cardiovascular Diabetology.

[30]  Wanzhu Tu,et al.  Racial Differences in Sensitivity of Blood Pressure to Aldosterone , 2014, Hypertension.

[31]  U. Patel,et al.  Cardiovascular complications of diabetic kidney disease. , 2014, Advances in chronic kidney disease.

[32]  B. Kasiske,et al.  Diabetic Kidney Disease– A clinical update from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) , 2014, Kidney international.

[33]  A. Kanaya,et al.  Diabetes and Associated Complications in the South Asian Population , 2014, Current Cardiology Reports.

[34]  T. Ninomiya,et al.  Clinical impact of albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate on renal and cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes , 2014, Clinical and Experimental Nephrology.

[35]  J. Schoones,et al.  Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in South Asians. , 2013, European journal of endocrinology.

[36]  M. Yaqoob,et al.  Progression of chronic kidney disease in a multi‐ethnic community cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus , 2013, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[37]  Atul J. Butte,et al.  Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Response , 2013, Diabetes Care.

[38]  J. Chan,et al.  Type 2 diabetes in East Asians: similarities and differences with populations in Europe and the United States , 2013, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[39]  M. Yaqoob,et al.  A cohort study on the rate of progression of diabetic chronic kidney disease in different ethnic groups , 2013, BMJ Open.

[40]  V. Mohan,et al.  Type 2 diabetes in South Asians: similarities and differences with white Caucasian and other populations , 2013, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[41]  O. Djurdjev,et al.  Differences in progression of CKD and mortality amongst Caucasian, Oriental Asian and South Asian CKD patients. , 2010, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[42]  G. MacGregor,et al.  Reducing population salt intake worldwide: from evidence to implementation. , 2010, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[43]  J. Salomon,et al.  Event Rates, Hospital Utilization, and Costs Associated with Major Complications of Diabetes: A Multicountry Comparative Analysis , 2010, PLoS medicine.

[44]  J. Chan,et al.  Effects of Structured Versus Usual Care on Renal Endpoint in Type 2 Diabetes: The SURE Study , 2009, Diabetes Care.

[45]  H. Parving,et al.  Prevalence and risk factors for microalbuminuria in a referred cohort of type II diabetic patients: a global perspective. , 2006, Kidney international.

[46]  B. Brenner,et al.  Renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockade and renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. An Asian perspective from the RENAAL Study. , 2004, Diabetes care.

[47]  T. Subramaniam,et al.  Long-term diabetes outcomes in multi-ethnic Asians living in Singapore. , 2016, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[48]  R. Karen,et al.  Diabetic kidney disease , 2015, Nature Reviews Disease Primers.