Seismic Collapse Risk Assessment of Reinforced Masonry Walls with Boundary Elements Using the FEMA P695 Methodology

AbstractUsing boundary elements in reinforced masonry (RM) walls allows closed ties to be used and multiple layers of vertical bars to be accommodated, thus providing a confining reinforcement cage. This enhances the overall performance of the RM wall with boundary elements relative to traditional RM walls with rectangular cross sections. This is attributed to the fact that traditional RM walls can typically only accommodate single-leg horizontal reinforcement and a single layer of vertical reinforcement because of practical limitations associated with concrete masonry unit geometrical configuration and construction techniques. Following the FEMA P695 methodology, “Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors,” the National Institute of Standards and Technology reported that some low-rise traditional rectangular RM walls (without boundary elements) might experience an excessive risk of collapse under the maximum considered earthquake (MCE). Moreover, although North American codes give seismic mo...

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