Nonlinear, Optimal Control of a Wind Turbine Generator

In this paper, the design of a nonlinear rotor-side controller (RSC) is developed for a wind turbine generator based on nonlinear, H2 optimal control theory. The objective is to demonstrate the synthesis of a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. In the case of a doubly fed induction generator, it is essential that the RSC and the MPPT algorithm are synthesized concurrently as the nonlinear perturbation dynamics about an operating point is either only just stable or unstable in most real generators. The algorithm is validated based on using nonlinear estimation techniques and maximizing an estimate of the actual power transferred from the turbine to the generator. The MPPT algorithm is successfully demonstrated both in the case when no disturbances were present, as it is a prerequisite for successful implementation, and in cases when significant levels of wind disturbances are present.

[1]  S. Peresada,et al.  Power control of a doubly fed induction machine via output feedback , 2004 .

[2]  Stavros A. Papathanassiou,et al.  Dynamic behavior of variable speed wind turbines under stochastic wind , 1999 .

[3]  M. E. Ropp,et al.  Comparative study of maximum power point tracking algorithms , 2003 .

[4]  Iulian Munteanu,et al.  Wind turbulence used as searching signal for MPPT in variable-speed wind energy conversion systems , 2009 .

[5]  G. Yu,et al.  A novel two-mode MPPT control algorithm based on comparative study of existing algorithms , 2002, Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2002..

[6]  H. Siguerdidjane,et al.  Nonlinear Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbines without wind speed measurement , 2005, Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[7]  V. T. Ranganathan,et al.  A Method of Tracking the Peak Power Points for a Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[8]  Hurng-Liahng Jou,et al.  Simplified Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for the Grid-connected Wind Power Generation System , 2008 .

[9]  H. Polinder,et al.  General Model for Representing Variable-Speed Wind Turbines in Power System Dynamics Simulations , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[10]  K. Tan,et al.  Optimum control strategies in energy conversion of PMSG wind turbine system without mechanical sensors , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[11]  Kostas Kalaitzakis,et al.  Design of a maximum power tracking system for wind-energy-conversion applications , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[12]  I. Erlich,et al.  Dynamic Behavior of DFIG-Based Wind Turbines during Grid Faults , 2007, 2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya.

[13]  Dong-Choon Lee,et al.  Variable speed wind power generation system based on fuzzy logic control for maximum output power tracking , 2004, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551).

[14]  Hagop Boghos.  Analysis, Modelling and Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generators for Wind Turbines 1 , 2007 .

[15]  Wei Qiao,et al.  Output maximization control for DFIG wind turbines without using wind and shaft speed measurements , 2009, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[16]  R.G. Harley,et al.  Wind Speed Estimation Based Sensorless Output Maximization Control for a Wind Turbine Driving a DFIG , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[17]  A.G. Jack,et al.  Fault Ride-Through of Large Wind Farms Using Series Dynamic Braking Resistors (March 2007) , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[18]  Dong-Choon Lee,et al.  MPPT Control of Wind Generation Systems Based on Estimated Wind Speed Using SVR , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[19]  R. Abdessemed,et al.  Decoupled active and reactive power control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) , 2007, 2007 Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation.

[20]  M. Sanada,et al.  Output Maximization Control of Wind Generation System Applying Square-Wave Operation and Sensorless Control , 2007, 2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya.

[21]  Ervin Bossanyi,et al.  Wind Energy Handbook , 2001 .

[22]  J.H.R. Enslin,et al.  Performance optimization for doubly-fed wind power generation systems , 1998, Conference Record of 1998 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36242).

[23]  E. Yaz,et al.  Linear optimal control, H2 and H∞ methods, by Jeffrey B. Burl, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Menlo Park, CA, 1999 , 2000 .

[24]  J. R. Cloutier,et al.  Nonlinear regulation and nonlinear H{sub {infinity}} control via the state-dependent Riccati equation technique: Part 3, examples , 1994 .

[25]  Liuchen Chang,et al.  An intelligent maximum power extraction algorithm for inverter-based variable speed wind turbine systems , 2004 .

[26]  Chun-Yao Lee,et al.  Optimization Method Based MPPT for Wind Power Generators , 2009 .

[27]  Ma Wei-dong.  Maximum Power Point Tracking for Wind Turbine , 2012 .

[28]  Djamila Rekioua,et al.  Performances Study of the DFIG Associated to the Variable Speed Wind Turbine Connected to the Grid , 2008 .

[29]  Lucy Pao,et al.  Optimal Control of Wind Energy Systems: Towards a Global Approach (Munteanu, I. et al.; 2008) [Bookshelf] , 2009, IEEE Control Systems.

[30]  Hugh F. Durrant-Whyte,et al.  A new method for the nonlinear transformation of means and covariances in filters and estimators , 2000, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[31]  Simon J. Julier,et al.  The scaled unscented transformation , 2002, Proceedings of the 2002 American Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.CH37301).