Spectroscopy of thulium and holmium heavily doped tellurite glasses

Abstract In this study, we report spectroscopic properties of Tm3+ and Ho3+ codoped tellurite glasses over a wide dopant concentration range in order to assess their potential laser performance under 790 nm diode laser excitation. The impact of Tm3+ and Ho3+ concentrations is investigated to identify specific candidates for fiber laser operation. The emission cross section is calculated and discussed, as well as the gain coefficient of this type of glasses. Energy transfer microparameters and critical ion distances are determined for 3H4, 3F4 (Tm3+), and 5I7 (Ho3+) emission levels in the framework of diffusion-limited regime and dipole–dipole interaction. We also report thermal properties of tested glasses.

[1]  Hisayoshi Toratani,et al.  Spectroscopic properties and energy transfers in Tm3+ singly- and Tm3+Ho3+ doubly-doped glasses , 1996 .

[2]  A. Hernandes,et al.  Evidence of higher-order mechanisms than dipole-dipole interaction in Tm 3+ -->Tm 3+ energy transfer in fluoroindogallate glasses , 2002 .

[3]  Animesh Jha,et al.  Tm(3+)/Ho(3+) codoped tellurite fiber laser. , 2008, Optics letters.

[4]  M. A. Arriandiaga,et al.  Spectroscopic properties of the 1.4 μm emission of Tm 3+ ions in TeO 2 -WO 3 -PbO glasses , 2008 .

[5]  Zhang Yuepin,et al.  Gain properties of germanate glasses singly doped with Tm3+ and Ho3+ ions , 2009 .

[6]  S. Girard,et al.  Spectroscopy and fluorescence dynamics of (Tm/sup 3+/,Tb/sup 3+/) and (Tm/sup 3+/,Eu/sup 3+/) doped LiYF/sub 4/ single crystals for 1.5-/spl mu/m laser operation , 1998 .

[7]  Adam,et al.  Fluorescence mechanisms in Tm3+ singly doped and Tm3+, Ho3+ doubly doped indium-based fluoride glasses. , 1990, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[8]  M. A. Arriandiaga,et al.  Effect of concentration on the infrared emissions of Tm3+ ions in lead niobium germanate glasses , 2006 .

[9]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[10]  H. Xia,et al.  2 μm mid-infrared optical spectra of Tm3+-doped germanium gallate glasses , 2009 .

[11]  Q. Zhang,et al.  Mid-Infrared Emission Characteristic and Energy Transfer of Ho3+-Doped Tellurite Glass Sensitized by Tm3+ , 2007, Journal of Fluorescence.

[12]  D. Mccumber,et al.  Einstein Relations Connecting Broadband Emission and Absorption Spectra , 1964 .

[13]  Lloyd L. Chase,et al.  Infrared cross-section measurements for crystals doped with Er/sup 3+/, Tm/sup 3+/, and Ho/sup 3+/ , 1992 .

[14]  THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA , 1923 .

[15]  F. Auzel.  Upconversion and anti-Stokes processes with f and d ions in solids. , 2004, Chemical reviews.

[16]  C. César,et al.  Time resolved luminescence in (Tm:Ho) doped tellurite glass , 2005 .

[17]  Norman P. Barnes,et al.  On the distribution of energy between the Tm 3F4 and Ho 5I7 manifolds in Tm-sensitized Ho luminescence , 1997 .

[18]  Michel J. F. Digonnet,et al.  Rare earth doped fiber lasers and amplifiers , 1993 .

[19]  T. Łukasiewicz,et al.  Relaxation of excited states of Tm3+ and Tm3+-Eu3+ energy transfer in YVO4 crystal , 2006 .

[20]  Brian M. Walsh,et al.  Review of Tm and Ho materials; spectroscopy and lasers , 2009 .

[21]  Stefano Taccheo,et al.  Spectroscopic investigation and optical characterization of novel highly thulium doped tellurite glasses , 2009 .

[22]  M. Ferraris,et al.  Spectroscopy and optical characterization of thulium doped TZN glasses , 2010 .

[23]  Norman P. Barnes,et al.  The temperature dependence of energy transfer between the Tm 3F4 and Ho 5I7 manifolds of Tm-sensitized Ho luminescence in YAG and YLF , 2000 .

[24]  Guonian Wang,et al.  Investigation of 2.0 μm emission in Tm3+ and Ho3+ co-doped oxyfluoride tellurite glass , 2009 .

[25]  Animesh Jha,et al.  Compositional effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in tellurite glasses , 2002 .

[26]  U. Singh,et al.  1 J/pulse Q-switched 2 microm solid-state laser. , 2006, Optics letters.

[27]  Andrew G. Glen,et al.  APPL , 2001 .

[28]  Animesh Jha,et al.  Tm3+–Ho3+ and Tm3+–Tb3+ energy transfer in tellurite glass , 2007 .

[29]  M. E. Storm,et al.  Holmium YLF amplifier performance and the prospects for multi-Joule energies using diode-laser pumping , 1993 .