Economic Analysis of Energy Storage Systems in the Context of Time-of-Use Rate in Brazil

This paper investigates the economic viability of the deployment of on-grid distributed generation systems with PVs and battery storage by distribution consumers in the context of the new Brazilian time-of-use rate known as White Rate, which distinguishes the rate in daily periods. A technical discussion regarding the proper battery technologies for the application is presented, followed by a payback comparison of conventional distributed generation systems, which exclusively contains PVs, and systems containing PVs and energy storage. The payback of hybrid PV with energy storage and water heating systems is also addressed.