Operating Water Distribution Networks during Water Shortage Conditions Using Hedging and Intermittent Water Supply Concepts

AbstractPopulation increase and requirements as well as water resource limitations reveal the necessity for the optimal operation of water distribution networks (WDNs), especially during shortage events. Because WDNs directly affect lifestyles, operational plans that take into account abnormal conditions are necessary. Under such circumstances, some possible solutions, such as transferring water from other basins or using recycled waters, may be inapplicable or insufficient, as continuous operation of WDNs would not be possible anymore. This paper proposes hedging or intermittent water supply as a contrasting way against a water shortage juncture. In this method of operation and in a specific time span during the operational period, the amount of water supplied to each consumer could be different even if their demands are equal. Thus, the selection of a policy that guarantees equity in supplying consumers’ demands has to be considered. In addition, supplying demands with sufficient pressure would promote ...