Utilizing Broadband Light From a Superluminescent Diode for Excitation of Photonic Crystal High-Q Nanocavities

Because silicon photonic crystal (PC) high-quality factor (high-Q) nanocavities are useful for the development of novel optical devices with small sizes, they have been subject to intense research. In many of these research works, continuous-wave (cw) lasers were used as excitation light sources. However, cw lasers can be disadvantageous for certain applications. In this study, we report on the excitation of high-Q resonance modes of PC nanocavities by a superluminescent diode (SLD). Since the emission from the SLD has a broad spectrum that extends over several tens of nanometers, it is able to simultaneously excite many nanocavities with significantly different resonance wavelengths. Furthermore, the SLD is able to excite the high-Q resonance modes in a stable manner; SLD excitation achieves cavity emission intensities that are hardly influenced by resonance-wavelength shifts due to temperature changes or natural surface oxidization. We demonstrate that by using the SLD as excitation light source, the emission from a nanocavity with a Q of several tens of thousands can be clearly observed by a near-infrared InGaAs camera. In addition, we demonstrate the refractive-index change sensing using the SLD excitation of a nanocavity array as an application example.

[1]  S. Noda,et al.  Ultrahigh‐Q Photonic Nanocavity Devices on a Dual Thickness SOI Substrate Operating at Both 1.31‐ and 1.55‐µm Telecommunication Wavelength Bands , 2019, Laser & Photonics Reviews.

[2]  M. Okano,et al.  Photonic Crystal Nanocavities With an Average Q Factor of 1.9 Million Fabricated on a 300-mm-Wide SOI Wafer Using a CMOS-Compatible Process , 2018, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[3]  T. Asano,et al.  Strongly asymmetric wavelength dependence of optical gain in nanocavity-based Raman silicon lasers , 2018, Optica.

[4]  M. Okano,et al.  High-$Q$ Nanocavity-Based Raman Laser Fabricated on a (100)SOI Substrate with a 45-Degree-Rotated Top Silicon Layer , 2018, 2018 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR).

[5]  Yasushi Takahashi,et al.  Robust Excitation of High-Q Nanocavities via a Super-Luminescent Diode , 2018, 2018 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR).

[6]  T. Baba,et al.  Thermally controlled Si photonic crystal slow light waveguide beam steering device. , 2018, Optics express.

[7]  Tohru Mogami,et al.  A 300-mm Silicon Photonics Platform for Large-Scale Device Integration , 2018, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[8]  Minoru Ohtsuka,et al.  Ultrahigh-Q photonic crystal nanocavities fabricated by CMOS process technologies. , 2017, Optics express.

[9]  Kumar Saurav,et al.  Probing the fundamental detection limit of photonic crystal cavities , 2017 .

[10]  S. Noda,et al.  Enhanced radiative recombination rate for electron-hole droplets in a silicon photonic crystal nanocavity , 2017 .

[11]  Susumu Noda,et al.  Photonic crystal nanocavity with a Q factor exceeding eleven million. , 2017, Optics express.

[12]  Nurul Ashikin Binti Daud,et al.  Ultrasmall in-plane photonic crystal demultiplexers fabricated with photolithography. , 2017, Optics express.

[13]  Susumu Noda,et al.  Analysis of high-Q photonic crystal L3 nanocavities designed by visualization of the leaky components. , 2017, Optics express.

[14]  T. Asano,et al.  Improvement in the quality factors for photonic crystal nanocavities via visualization of the leaky components. , 2016, Optics express.

[15]  Yoshinori Tanaka,et al.  On-demand transfer of trapped photons on a chip , 2016, Science Advances.

[16]  Yoshiteru Amemiya,et al.  Silicon photonic crystal resonators for label free biosensor , 2016 .

[17]  T. Kita,et al.  Compact silicon photonic wavelength-tunable laser diode with ultra-wide wavelength tuning range , 2015 .

[18]  H. Yamazaki,et al.  Silicon Photonic Hybrid Ring-Filter External Cavity Wavelength Tunable Lasers , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[19]  Dario Gerace,et al.  Genetically designed L3 photonic crystal nanocavities with measured quality factor exceeding one million , 2014 .

[20]  J. Mørk,et al.  Fano resonance control in a photonic crystal structure and its application to ultrafast switching , 2014, 1404.7532.

[21]  Hiroshi Abe,et al.  Array integration of thousands of photonic crystal nanolasers , 2014 .

[22]  Susumu Noda,et al.  Ultra-compact 32-channel drop filter with 100 GHz spacing. , 2014, Optics express.

[23]  Rajeev J Ram,et al.  High-Q CMOS-integrated photonic crystal microcavity devices , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[24]  T. Asano,et al.  Photonic crystal nanocavity with a Q-factor of ~9 million. , 2014, Optics express.

[25]  Yoshitaka Inui,et al.  A micrometre-scale Raman silicon laser with a microwatt threshold , 2013, Nature.

[26]  T. F. Krauss,et al.  Room temperature all‐silicon photonic crystal nanocavity light emitting diode at sub‐bandgap wavelengths , 2013, 1306.5537.

[27]  Yoshitaka Inui,et al.  Ultrahigh-Q photonic crystal nanocavities in wide optical telecommunication bands. , 2012, Optics express.

[28]  Yoshinori Tanaka,et al.  Suppression of multiple photon absorption in a SiC photonic crystal nanocavity operating at 1.55 μm. , 2012, Optics express.

[29]  A. P. Knights,et al.  The evolution of silicon photonics as an enabling technology for optical interconnection , 2012 .

[30]  P. Dumon,et al.  Silicon microring resonators , 2012 .

[31]  J. Upham,et al.  Strong coupling between distant photonic nanocavities and its dynamic control , 2011, Nature Photonics.

[32]  Shota Yamada,et al.  Silicon carbide-based photonic crystal nanocavities for ultra-broadband operation from infrared to visible wavelengths , 2011 .

[33]  T. Asano,et al.  Statistical studies of photonic heterostructure nanocavities with an average Q factor of three million. , 2011, Optics express.

[34]  K. Nozaki,et al.  Photonic Crystal Point-Shift Nanolasers With and Without Nanoslots—Design, Fabrication, Lasing, and Sensing Characteristics , 2011, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[35]  Yoshinori Tanaka,et al.  On-the-Fly Wavelength Conversion of Photons by Dynamic Control of Photonic Waveguides , 2010 .

[36]  D. Sanders,et al.  Advances in patterning materials for 193 nm immersion lithography. , 2010, Chemical reviews.

[37]  T. Nagashima,et al.  Resonant-wavelength tuning of a nanocavity by subnanometer control of a two-dimensional silicon-based photonic crystal slab structure. , 2009, Applied optics.

[38]  Yoshinori Tanaka,et al.  Effects of fluctuation in air hole radii and positions on optical characteristics in photonic crystal heterostructure nanocavities , 2009 .

[39]  T. Asano,et al.  Higher-order resonant modes in a photonic heterostructure nanocavity , 2008 .

[40]  S. Kita,et al.  Refractive index sensing utilizing a CW photonic crystal nanolaser and its array configuration , 2008, 2008 International Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop.

[41]  Yoshinori Tanaka,et al.  High-Q nanocavity with a 2-ns photon lifetime. , 2007, Optics express.

[42]  Yasuhiko Arakawa,et al.  Observation of enhanced photoluminescence from silicon photonic crystal nanocavity at room temperature , 2007 .

[43]  D. Kwong,et al.  Observation of femtojoule optical bistability involving fano resonances in high-Q/Vm silicon photonic crystal nanocavities , 2007, physics/0703132.

[44]  S. Noda,et al.  Ultrahigh-$Q$ Nanocavities in Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Slabs , 2006, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[45]  B. Gu,et al.  Efficient mode coupling technique between photonic crystal heterostructure waveguide and silica waveguides , 2005 .

[46]  土屋 一郎,et al.  Ultra-High-Q Photonic Double-Heterostructure Nanocavity , 2005 .

[47]  Tzong-Jer Yang,et al.  Coupling technique for efficient interfacing between silica waveguides and planar photonic crystal circuits. , 2004, Applied optics.

[48]  T. Asano,et al.  High-Q photonic nanocavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal , 2003, Nature.

[49]  Susumu Noda,et al.  Investigation of high-Q channel drop filters using donor-type defects in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs , 2003 .

[50]  Susumu Noda,et al.  Surface-emitting channel drop filters using single defects in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs , 2001 .

[51]  Susumu Noda,et al.  Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure , 2000, Nature.

[52]  Shanhui Fan,et al.  Coupling of modes analysis of resonant channel add-drop filters , 1999 .

[53]  H. Fukuda,et al.  Imaging Characteristics of Multi-Phase-Shifting and Halftone Phase-Shifting Masks , 1991 .

[54]  G. Eisenstein,et al.  Measurement of the modal reflectivity of an antireflection coating on a superluminescent diode , 1983, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[55]  C. A. Burrus,et al.  A stripe-geometry double-heterostructure amplified-spontaneous-emission (superluminescent) diode , 1973 .

[56]  Wayne Yang,et al.  A Compact 90° Bent Equal Output Ports of Photonic Crystal Beam Splitter with Complete Band Gap Based on Defect Resonance Interface , 2012 .