Are They Different? Affect, Feeling, Emotion, Sentiment, and Opinion Detection in Text

A major limitation in the automatic detection of affect, feelings, emotions, sentiments, and opinions in text is the lack of proper differentiation between these subjective terms and understanding of how they relate to one another. This lack of differentiation not only leads to inconsistency in terminology usage but also makes the subtleties and nuances expressed by the five terms difficult to understand, resulting in subpar detection of the terms in text. In light of such limitation, this paper clarifies the differences between these five subjective terms and reveals significant concepts to the computational linguistics community for their effective detection and processing in text.

[1]  F. Guattari,et al.  A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia , 1980 .

[2]  P. Ekman,et al.  Unmasking the Face: A Guide to Recognizing Emotions From Facial Expressions , 1975 .

[3]  Andrew Ortony,et al.  The Cognitive Structure of Emotions , 1988 .

[4]  Rafael A. Calvo,et al.  Affect Detection: An Interdisciplinary Review of Models, Methods, and Their Applications , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing.

[5]  Jerome Kagan,et al.  On Emotion and Its Development: A Working Paper , 1978 .

[6]  Angela Ackerman,et al.  The Emotion Thesaurus: A Writer's Guide to Character Expression , 2012 .

[7]  Reinout W. Wiers,et al.  Emotions and emotion words , 1995 .

[8]  Rainer Reisenzein,et al.  On Oatley and Johnson-Laird's theory of emotion and hierarchical structures in the affective lexicon , 1995 .

[9]  Andreas Stolcke,et al.  Human language technology: opportunities and challenges , 2005, Proceedings. (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005..

[10]  Navneet Kaur,et al.  Opinion mining and sentiment analysis , 2016, 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom).

[11]  R. Dolan,et al.  Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior , 2002, Science.

[12]  I Matthis,et al.  Sketch for a metapsychology of affect. , 2000, The International journal of psycho-analysis.

[13]  Sebastian Fischer,et al.  Cognitive Science An Introduction To The Study Of Mind , 2016 .

[14]  Victoria Bobicev,et al.  Sentiments and Opinions in Health-related Web messages , 2011, RANLP.

[15]  L. L. Shaw,et al.  Differentiating affect, mood, and emotion: Toward functionally based conceptual distinctions. , 1992 .

[16]  Peter Nathan Lasersohn,et al.  Context Dependence, Disagreement, and Predicates of Personal Taste* , 2005 .

[17]  M. de Rijke,et al.  UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Using WordNet to measure semantic orientations of adjectives , 2004 .

[18]  J. Russell,et al.  Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions , 1977 .

[19]  Carlo Strapparava,et al.  WordNet Affect: an Affective Extension of WordNet , 2004, LREC.

[20]  B. Massumi Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation , 2002 .

[21]  J. Wilce Language and Emotion , 2009 .

[22]  Andrés Montoyo,et al.  Building and Exploiting EmotiNet, a Knowledge Base for Emotion Detection Based on the Appraisal Theory Model , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing.

[23]  P. Johnson-Laird,et al.  The language of emotions: An analysis of a semantic field , 2013 .

[24]  B. Parkinson Everyday conceptions of emotion: An introduction to the psychology, anthropology, and linguistics of emotion , 1998 .

[25]  Janyce Wiebe Identifying Subjective Characters in Narrative , 1990, COLING.

[26]  Daantje Derks,et al.  The role of emotion in computer-mediated communication: A review , 2008, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[27]  Raymond B. Cattell,et al.  SENTIMENT OR ATTITUDE? THE CORE OF A TERMINOLOGY PROBLEM IN PERSONALITY RESEARCH , 1940 .

[28]  J. Stainer,et al.  The Emotions , 1922, Nature.

[29]  Clara Kimball Young,et al.  Social psychology : an analysis of social behavior , 1932 .

[30]  Paolo Rosso,et al.  Making objective decisions from subjective data: Detecting irony in customer reviews , 2012, Decis. Support Syst..

[31]  R. Plutchik A GENERAL PSYCHOEVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF EMOTION , 1980 .

[32]  R. Zajonc Feeling and thinking : Preferences need no inferences , 1980 .

[33]  Anna Wierzbicka,et al.  Emotions Across Languages and Cultures: Diversity and Universals: Defining emotion concepts: discovering “cognitive scenarios” , 1999 .

[34]  Soo-Min Kim,et al.  Determining the Sentiment of Opinions , 2004, COLING.

[35]  P. Kleinginna,et al.  A categorized list of emotion definitions, with suggestions for a consensual definition , 1981 .

[36]  K. Scherer Psychological models of emotion. , 2000 .

[37]  Bing Liu,et al.  Sentiment Analysis and Subjectivity , 2010, Handbook of Natural Language Processing.

[38]  Vera V. French,et al.  The Structure of Sentiments , 2011 .

[39]  J. Averill A CONSTRUCTIVIST VIEW OF EMOTION , 1980 .

[40]  Cristina Conati,et al.  Probabilistic assessment of user's emotions in educational games , 2002, Appl. Artif. Intell..

[41]  Peter D. Turney Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down? Semantic Orientation Applied to Unsupervised Classification of Reviews , 2002, ACL.

[42]  Alexandra Balahur,et al.  Detecting Implicit Emotion Expressions from Text Using Ontological Resources and Lexical Learning , 2013, New Trends of Research in Ontologies and Lexical Resources.

[43]  K. Oatley Best Laid Schemes: The Psychology of Emotions , 1992 .

[44]  W. James II.—WHAT IS AN EMOTION ? , 1884 .

[45]  Stanley Schachter,et al.  Chapter 18 – Cognition and Peripheralist—Centralist Controversies in Motivation and Emotion , 1975 .

[46]  A. Ben-Ze'ev The Subtlety of Emotions , 2000 .

[47]  Guy Lapalme,et al.  Learning opinions in user-generated web content , 2011, Natural Language Engineering.

[48]  D. Cicchetti Emotion and Adaptation , 1993 .

[49]  Robert K Shelly,et al.  EMOTIONS, SENTIMENTS, AND PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS , 2004 .

[50]  S. Mcleod,et al.  Defining Affect in Relation to Cognition : A Response to Susan McLeod , 2010 .

[51]  Soo-Min Kim,et al.  Automatic Detection of Opinion Bearing Words and Sentences , 2005, IJCNLP.

[52]  M. Cabanac What is emotion? , 2002, Behavioural Processes.

[53]  Amitava Das PsychoSentiWordNet , 2011, ACL.

[54]  C. D. Broad,et al.  Emotion and Sentiment , 1954 .

[55]  Cristina Conati Probabilistic Assessment of User’s Emotions During the Interaction with Educational Games , 2001 .

[56]  Batja Mesquita,et al.  The cultural psychology of emotion. , 2007 .

[57]  V V FRENCH,et al.  The structure of sentiments; a restatement of the theory of sentiments. , 1947, Journal of personality.

[58]  J. Russell,et al.  Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: dissecting the elephant. , 1999, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[59]  Jonathon Read,et al.  Annotating expressions of Appraisal in English , 2007, Language Resources and Evaluation.

[60]  P. Ekman Are there basic emotions? , 1992, Psychological review.

[61]  Cecilia Ovesdotter Alm The Role of Affect in the Computational Modeling of Natural Language , 2012, Lang. Linguistics Compass.

[62]  Rosalind W. Picard Affective Computing , 1997 .

[63]  M. Bradley,et al.  Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW): Instruction Manual and Affective Ratings , 1999 .

[64]  N. Besnier Language and Affect , 1990 .

[65]  J. Friedenberg,et al.  Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Study of Mind , 2005 .

[66]  George A. Miller,et al.  WordNet: A Lexical Database for English , 1995, HLT.

[67]  A. Eagly,et al.  Attitudes and opinions. , 1978, Annual review of psychology.

[68]  J. E. Stets,et al.  Emotions and sentiments. , 2006 .

[69]  Asad B. Sayeed,et al.  An opinion about opinions about opinions: subjectivity and the aggregate reader , 2013, NAACL.

[70]  Eduard Hovy Invited Keynote: What are Subjectivity, Sentiment, and Affect? , 2011 .

[71]  D. Sperber,et al.  Irony and the Use-Mention Distinction , 1981 .

[72]  K. Scherer Emotion as a multicomponent process: A model and some cross-cultural data. , 1984 .

[73]  Karl-Franzens-Universitaet,et al.  SOCIOLOGY OF EMOTIONS , 2011 .