Modélisation ontologique des recommandations de pratique clinique pour une aide à la décision à niveaux d'abstraction variables. (Ontological modeling of clinical practice guidelines to provide flexible decision support)

Conformement aux principes de la medecine factuelle, les guides de bonne pratique clinique (GBPC) sont elabores dans un but d'amelioration de la qualite des soins. Pourtant, le suivi des recommandations par les medecins reste faible, meme lorsqu'elles sont integrees dans des systemes informatises d'aide a la decision. En effet, elles sont souvent critiquees pour leur manque de flexibilite, et leur incapacite a gerer la singularite des patients rencontres en pratique clinique. En particulier, leur orientation monopathologique est en inadequation avec la realite de patients bien souvent polypathologiques. Nos travaux portent sur la proposition d'une methode basee sur un raisonnement ontologique pour permettre la conciliation de GBPC pour la prise en charge flexible de patients polypathologiques au sein d'un systeme d'aide a la decision. Les bases de connaissances reposent sur des regles construites par formalisation des recommandations, dont les criteres patients sont organises par une ontologie du domaine, permettant de produire un graphe des profils cliniques structure par generalisation. Le raisonnement ontologique permet une juste adaptation des connaissances aux niveaux d'abstraction variables de la description du patient. Cette methode a ete implementee dans un systeme d'aide a la decision, appele GO-DSS, et appliquee a la prise en charge de patients diabetiques et hypertendus, a partir des GBPC produits par la societe VIDAL (VIDAL Recos). Le prototype et ses interfaces ont ete evalues qualitativement par un echantillon d'utilisateurs comprenant a la fois des informaticiens avec des connaissances medicales et des medecins avec des competences en informatique.

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