Ecological Experiments with Model Systems

Some of the classic experiments in ecology have involved real organisms interacting in the laboratory, that is, model systems. Ecologists are increasingly using model systems to investigate problems of global environmental change and questions about the assembly, persistence, and stability of complex communities. Model laboratory systems are a halfway house between mathematical models and the full complexity of the field, and they yield powerful insights into the dynamics of populations and ecosystems.

[1]  F. A. Bazzaz,et al.  The Response of Natural Ecosystems to the Rising Global CO2 Levels , 1990 .

[2]  T. Park.  Beetles, Competition, and Populations: An intricate ecological phenomenon is brought into the laboratory and studied as an experimental model. , 1962, Science.

[3]  Joel E. Cohen,et al.  Food web patterns and their consequences , 1991, Nature.

[4]  J. Lawton,et al.  Experimental studies on community convergence and alternative stable states: Comments on a paper by Drake et al. , 1994 .

[5]  E. Odum.  The strategy of ecosystem development. , 1969, Science.

[6]  J. P. Grime,et al.  Floristic diversity in a model system using experimental microcosms , 1987, Nature.

[7]  Robert M. May,et al.  Species coexistence and self-organizing spatial dynamics , 1994, Nature.

[8]  C. Körner,et al.  Responses to elevated carbon dioxide in artificial tropical ecosystems. , 1992, Science.

[9]  L. Luckinbill,et al.  Regulation and Environmental Variability in Experimental Populations of Protozoa , 1978 .

[10]  S. Ellner,et al.  Chaos in Ecology: Is Mother Nature a Strange Attractor?* , 1993 .

[11]  P. J. Hughesdon,et al.  The Struggle for Existence , 1927, Nature.

[12]  S. Carpenter,et al.  Ecosystem experiments : Frontiers in biology : ecology , 1995 .

[13]  P. Ehrlich,et al.  Biodiversity Studies: Science and Policy , 1991, Science.

[14]  P. Lucas,et al.  Needle chlorosis in Sitka spruce following a three-year exposure to low concentrations of ozone: changes in mineral content, pigmentation and ascorbic acid. , 1993, The New phytologist.

[15]  R. Holt.  Predation, apparent competition, and the structure of prey communities. , 1977, Theoretical population biology.

[16]  M. Williamson.  An Elementary Theory of Interspecific Competition , 1957, Nature.

[17]  James P. Grover,et al.  Simple Rules for Interspecific Dominance in Systems with Exploitative and Apparent Competition , 1994, The American Naturalist.

[18]  John H. Lawton,et al.  The Ecological Consequences of Shared Natural Enemies , 1994 .

[19]  J. P. Grime,et al.  Evidence of a feedback mechanism limiting plant response to elevated carbon dioxide , 1993, Nature.

[20]  Roderick Hunt,et al.  Comparative Plant Ecology: A Functional Approach to Common British Species , 1989 .

[21]  R. May,et al.  The Dynamics of Host-Parasitoid-Pathogen Interactions , 1990, The American Naturalist.

[22]  J. Lawton,et al.  Empirical Evidence that Declining Species Diversity May Alter the Performance of Terrestrial Ecosystems , 1995 .

[23]  J. Lawton,et al.  Declining biodiversity can alter the performance of ecosystems , 1994, Nature.

[24]  S. Utida,et al.  Population Fluctuation, an Experimental and Theoretical Approach , 1957 .

[25]  F. Bazzaz.  Plants in Changing Environments: Linking Physiological, Population, and Community Ecology , 1996 .

[26]  O. Phillips,et al.  Increasing Turnover Through Time in Tropical Forests , 1994, Science.

[27]  S. Lawler,et al.  Effects of Basal Resources, Predation, and Alternative Prey in Microcosm Food Chains , 1995 .

[28]  D. Lincoln,et al.  Plant-insect herbivore interactions in elevated CO(2) environments. , 1993, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[29]  H. Odum,et al.  Ecological Microcosms , 1993, Springer Advanced Texts in Life Sciences.

[30]  W. E. Neill.  EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF MICROCRUSTACEAN COMPETITION, COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND EFFICIENCY OF RESOURCE UTILIZATION' , 1975 .

[31]  David A. Kenny,et al.  The construction and assembly of an ecological landscape , 1993 .