Surface vibrational spectroscopic study of surface melting of ice.

Surface melting on the (0001) face of hexagonal ice ( I(h)) was studied by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy in the OH stretch frequency range. The degree of orientational order of the dangling OH bonds at the surface was measured as a function of temperature. Disordering sets in around 200 K and increases dramatically with temperature. The results show that the disordered (quasiliquid) layer on ice is structurally different from normal liquid water.

[1]  S. Ahmad.  Frontiers in laser spectroscopy Edited by T.W. Hänseh and M. Inguscio North Holland Elsevier Science Publisher, 1994, ISBN 0-444-81944-4, pp xvi + 598, US$240 , 1996 .

[2]  J S Wettlaufer,et al.  Melting below zero. , 2000, Scientific American.

[3]  A. N. Edelcrantz.  XXV. Description of a new safety-piston for Papin's digester, with the application of it to the boilers of steam-engines, and also of an apparatus for regulating the heat of furnaces , 1803 .

[4]  R. G. Snyder,et al.  Raman intensities of single crystal ice Ih , 1977 .

[5]  J. Keizer,et al.  Enhanced light scattering at the ice-water interface during freezing , 1983 .

[6]  H. Butt,et al.  Measuring the Thickness of the Liquid-like Layer on Ice Surfaces with Atomic Force Microscopy , 2000 .

[7]  G. Kroes.  Surface melting of the (0001) face of TIP4P ice , 1992 .

[8]  Goto,et al.  Nonlinear optical studies of liquid crystal alignment on a rubbed polyvinyl alcohol surface , 2000, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[9]  John S. Wettlaufer,et al.  The premelting of ice and its environmental consequences , 1995 .

[10]  Dosch,et al.  Surface melting of ice Ih single crystals revealed by glancing angle x-ray scattering. , 1994, Physical review letters.

[11]  Helmut Dosch,et al.  Glancing-angle X-ray scattering studies of the premelting of ice surfaces , 1995 .

[12]  1998 Frank Isakson Prize Address Sum frequency generation for vibrational spectroscopy: applications to water interfaces and films of water and ice , 1998 .

[13]  Rebecca Renner.  Asbestos in the air. , 2000 .

[14]  U. Starke,et al.  Molecular Surface Structure of a Low-Temperature Ice Ih(0001) Crystal , 1995 .

[15]  N. Fletcher.  Surface structure of water and ice : II. A revised model , 1968 .

[16]  J. Wettlaufer.  Impurity Effects in the Premelting of Ice , 1999 .

[17]  T. Kuroda,et al.  Ellipsometric study of the transition layer on the surface of an ice crystal , 1987 .

[18]  Michael Faraday,et al.  I. Note on regelation , 1860, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.

[19]  A. Menzel,et al.  STRUCTURE AND PHONONS OF THE ICE SURFACE , 1998 .

[20]  C. Slaughterbeck,et al.  Investigation of ice-solid interfaces by force microscopy: Plastic flow and adhesive forces , 1998 .

[21]  Shen,et al.  Vibrational spectroscopy of water at the vapor/water interface. , 1993, Physical review letters.

[22]  C. Jaccard,et al.  Intrinsic surface disorder in ice near the melting point , 1978 .

[23]  J. Pettersson,et al.  A molecular dynamics study of the long-time ice Ih surface dynamics , 2000 .

[24]  S. Lipson,et al.  Optical study of surface melting on ice , 1993 .

[25]  Y. Mizuno,et al.  STUDIES OF SURFACE PROPERTIES OF ICE USING NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE , 1987 .

[26]  N. Fletcher,et al.  Photoemission from ice and water surfaces: Quasiliquid layer effect , 1975 .

[27]  J. Ocampo,et al.  Proton mobility in the bulk and the surface of hexagonal ice , 1983 .