Leach-Centric Load Sharing Between Cluster Nodes Based on Network Node Distribution

Wireless sensor networks consist of hundreds of nodes that are limited on the amount of energy, memory and computational capacity, which would lead to restrictions on replacing them in many situations. Therefore, when it comes to these networks, the communication protocol having the ability of minimizing the consumption of the mentioned items becomes of great importance. Among communication protocols for wireless sensor networks, leach protocol is prominent due to its specific characteristics of cluster formation. The random nature of the selection properties like cluster nodes with supervision features, adaptive nature of cluster head selection, its self-configuration property together with its non-interference when it comes to external factors play an essential role in network load sharing. This paper provides an improvement to leach protocol using a fair share of the load transfer between cluster head. For this purpose, the space containing the distributed sensors is divided into three areas according to the distance between the furthest sensor and the base station. Then the total number of cluster heads together with the number of cluster head for each area, are determined to demonstrate the achieved improvement.