Biogenesis and Ultrastructure of Carboxysomes from Wild Type and Mutants of Synechococcus sp. Strain PCC 7942

Immature inclusions representing three progressive steps of carboxysome biogenesis have been identified in Synechococcus during the period of adaptation to low-CO2 conditions: (a) ring-shaped structures, (b) electron-translucent inclusions with the shape of a carboxysome and the internal orderly arrangement of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) molecules, and (c) carboxysomes with an internal electron-translucent area, which seem to be the penultimate stage of carboxysome maturation. The ability to build up normal carboxysomes is impaired in three (M3, EK6, and D4) of four high-carbon-requiring mutants studied in this work. M3 and EK6 exhibit abundant immature electron-translucent carboxysomes but no mature ones. This finding supports the contention that an open reading frame located 7.5 kb upstream of the gene encoding the large subunit of Rubisco (altered in M3) is involved in the carboxysome composition and confirms the structural role of the small subunit of Rubisco (slightly modified in EK6) in the assembly of these structures. D4 shows few typical carboxysomes and frequent immature types, its genetic lesion affecting the apparently unrelated gene encoding a subunit of phosphoribosyl aminoamidazole carboxylase of the purine biosynthesis pathway. Revertants EK20 (EK6) and RK13 (D4) have normal carboxysomes, which means that the restoration of the ability to grow under low CO2 coincides with the proper assembling of these structures. N5, a transport mutant due to the alteration of the gene encoding subunit 2 of NADH dehydrogenase, shows an increase in the number and size of carboxysomes and frequent bar-shaped ones.