A framework to analyze partial volume effect on gray matter mean diffusivity measurements

Analyzing gray matter diffusion properties can be challenging due to possible measurement biases originating from averaging of gray matter (GM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signals. Therefore, a better characterization of CSF contamination effects in different cortical regions is required in order to disentangle actual changes in microstructure of GM itself from changes due to other effects such as macroscopic morphological changes. We propose a localized analysis framework for the CSF contamination effect on GM mean diffusivity measurement and applied this framework to measurements on 15 subjects. Our proposed modeling framework was compared to fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) DTI technique from the same subjects. The results of our studies suggest that GM mean diffusivity value was significantly biased by the CSF contamination effect, and that the amount of contamination strongly depended on the local morphology of the peripheral brain. Expected biases had their maxima in the motor and the somatosensory association cortex, and their minima in mid and inferior temporal areas of the brain where the cortical thicknesses are particularly pronounced. We conclude from our studies that regional differences in tissue compounding ratio must be taken into account when assessing localized GF diffusivity differences.

[1]  Mark Meyer,et al.  Discrete Differential-Geometry Operators for Triangulated 2-Manifolds , 2002, VisMath.

[2]  P. Basser Inferring microstructural features and the physiological state of tissues from diffusion‐weighted images , 1995, NMR in biomedicine.

[3]  R. Kumar,et al.  Elevated mean diffusivity in widespread brain regions in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome , 2006, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[4]  Guy Marchal,et al.  Multimodality image registration by maximization of mutual information , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[5]  M. Moseley Diffusion tensor imaging and aging – a review , 2002, NMR in biomedicine.

[6]  M Rovaris,et al.  Grey matter damage predicts the evolution of primary progressive multiple sclerosis at 5 years. , 2006, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[7]  M Rovaris,et al.  Influence of aging on brain gray and white matter changes assessed by conventional, MT, and DT MRI , 2006, Neurology.

[8]  D. Norris,et al.  Biexponential diffusion attenuation in various states of brain tissue: Implications for diffusion‐weighted imaging , 1996, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[9]  J. Pearlman,et al.  CSF‐suppressed quantitative single‐shot diffusion imaging , 1991, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[10]  R. Kikinis,et al.  Diffusion tensor imaging and its application to neuropsychiatric disorders. , 2002, Harvard review of psychiatry.

[11]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  Cortical thickness analysis examined through power analysis and a population simulation , 2005, NeuroImage.

[12]  M. Kaste,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in normal human brains in various age groups. , 2002, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[13]  Derek K Jones,et al.  Applications of diffusion‐weighted and diffusion tensor MRI to white matter diseases – a review , 2002, NMR in biomedicine.

[14]  M Cercignani,et al.  Magnetisation transfer ratio and mean diffusivity of normal appearing white and grey matter from patients with multiple sclerosis , 2001, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[15]  D. Le Bihan Molecular diffusion, tissue microdynamics and microstructure. , 1995, NMR in biomedicine.

[16]  Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells,et al.  Age-related water diffusion changes in human brain: A voxel-based approach , 2007, NeuroImage.

[17]  Jae-Hun Kim,et al.  Spatial accuracy of fMRI activation influenced by volume- and surface-based spatial smoothing techniques , 2007, NeuroImage.

[18]  Marco Rovaris,et al.  Short-term accrual of gray matter pathology in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis: an in vivo study using diffusion tensor MRI , 2005, NeuroImage.

[19]  Steven Robbins,et al.  An unbiased iterative group registration template for cortical surface analysis , 2007, NeuroImage.

[20]  Christian Beaulieu,et al.  Diffusion anisotropy in subcortical white matter and cortical gray matter: Changes with aging and the role of CSF‐suppression , 2004, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[21]  S. Warach,et al.  Cerebral spinal fluid contamination of the measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient of water in acute stroke , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[22]  Marco Rovaris,et al.  Assessment of normal-appearing white and gray matter in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging study. , 2002, Archives of neurology.

[23]  P A Narayana,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid‐suppressed high‐resolution diffusion imaging of human brain , 1997, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[24]  Massimo Filippi,et al.  Quantification of brain gray matter damage in different MS phenotypes by use of diffusion tensor MR imaging. , 2002, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[25]  A. Schleicher,et al.  The human pattern of gyrification in the cerebral cortex , 2004, Anatomy and Embryology.

[26]  A. Dale,et al.  Cortical Surface-Based Analysis II: Inflation, Flattening, and a Surface-Based Coordinate System , 1999, NeuroImage.

[27]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  Automated 3-D extraction and evaluation of the inner and outer cortical surfaces using a Laplacian map and partial volume effect classification , 2005, NeuroImage.

[28]  Stephen T. C. Wong,et al.  76-Space Analysis of Grey Matter Diffusivity: Methods and Applications , 2005, MICCAI.

[29]  D. Parker,et al.  Analysis of partial volume effects in diffusion‐tensor MRI , 2001, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[30]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  A novel quantitative cross-validation of different cortical surface reconstruction algorithms using MRI phantom , 2006, NeuroImage.

[31]  Hae-Jeong Park,et al.  Cortical surface-based analysis of 18F-FDG PET: Measured metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia are affected by cortical structural abnormalities , 2006, NeuroImage.

[32]  Anders M. Dale,et al.  Cortical Surface-Based Analysis I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction , 1999, NeuroImage.

[33]  Kimberly M Ray,et al.  Mild cognitive impairment: apparent diffusion coefficient in regional gray matter and white matter structures. , 2006, Radiology.

[34]  Koen L. Vincken,et al.  Probabilistic segmentation of white matter lesions in MR imaging , 2004, NeuroImage.

[35]  C. Beaulieu,et al.  The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system – a technical review , 2002, NMR in biomedicine.

[36]  P. Hüppi,et al.  Diffusion tensor imaging of normal and injured developing human brain ‐ a technical review , 2002, NMR in biomedicine.