Reproducibility and Relative Validity of Food Group Intake in a Food Frequency Questionnaire Developed for the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Objective To examine the validity and reproducibility of food groups in the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Methods To evaluate the reproducibility of food groups included in the FFQ, 132 subjects (61 men and 71 women) aged 20 years or older twice completed a 168-item FFQ (FFQ1, FFQ2), with a 14-month interval between FFQ1 and FFQ2. Over the 1-year interval, 12 dietary recalls (DRs) were collected (1 each month) to assess the validity of the FFQ. Seventeen food groups were derived from the FFQ based on methods described in previous studies. Age-adjusted and deattenuated Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess the validity of the FFQ. Results The mean (SD) age and body mass index of subjects were 35.5 (16.8) years and 25.5 (5.2) kg/m2, respectively. Validity correlation coefficients ranged from 0.03 (liquid oil) to 0.77 (simple sugars) in men (median, 0.44), and from 0.12 (snacks) to 0.79 (simple sugars) in women (median, 0.37). The energy-adjusted intraclass correlation coefficient, which reflects the reproducibility of the FFQ, was 0.51 in men and was highest for tea and coffee (0.91); in women it was 0.59 and was highest for simple sugars (0.74). The highest percentage of complete agreement and disagreement was observed for snacks and desserts (60.6%) and potatoes and dairy products (12.8%), respectively, in men, and tea and coffee (62.9%) and legumes (15.7%) in women. Conclusions The FFQ that was designed for the TLGS was found to be reliable and valid for assessing the intake of several food groups.

[1]  P. Mirmiran,et al.  Reliability and relative validity of an FFQ for nutrients in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study , 2009, Public Health Nutrition.

[2]  Farzad Hadaegh,et al.  Prevention of non-communicable disease in a population in nutrition transition: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study phase II , 2009, Trials.

[3]  J. Manson,et al.  Primary Prevention of Stroke by Healthy Lifestyle , 2008, Circulation.

[4]  R. Sturm.  Stemming the global obesity epidemic: what can we learn from data about social and economic trends? , 2008, Public health.

[5]  R. Kelishadi,et al.  Obesity and associated lifestyle behaviours in Iran: findings from the First National Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance Survey , 2008, Public Health Nutrition.

[6]  P. Elwood,et al.  Milk and dairy consumption, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: the Caerphilly prospective study , 2007, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

[7]  G. Nagel,et al.  Long-term reproducibility of a food-frequency questionnaire and dietary changes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heidelberg cohort , 2007, British Journal of Nutrition.

[8]  Y. Ahn,et al.  Validation and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire for Korean genome epidemiologic study , 2007, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[9]  F. Azizi,et al.  Dietary Diversity within Food Groups: An Indicator of Specific Nutrient Adequacy in Tehranian Women , 2006, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[10]  S. Larsson,et al.  Meat, fish, poultry and egg consumption in relation to risk of pancreatic cancer: A prospective study , 2006, International journal of cancer.

[11]  R. Heshmat,et al.  Metabolic Syndrome and its Associated Risk Factors in Healthy Adults: APopulation-Based Study in Iran. , 2006, Metabolic syndrome and related disorders.

[12]  R. Malekzadeh,et al.  Validity and reliability of a new food frequency questionnaire compared to 24 h recalls and biochemical measurements: pilot phase of Golestan cohort study of esophageal cancer , 2006, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[13]  M. Hughes,et al.  Relative validity of food intake estimates using a food frequency questionnaire is associated with sex, age, and other personal characteristics. , 2006, The Journal of nutrition.

[14]  T. Gill.  Epidemiology and health impact of obesity: an Asia Pacific perspective. , 2006, Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition.

[15]  F. Azizi,et al.  Variety scores of food groups contribute to the specific nutrient adequacy in Tehranian men , 2005, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[16]  V. Beral,et al.  Reproducibility of a short semi-quantitative food group questionnaire and its performance in estimating nutrient intake compared with a 7-day diet diary in the Million Women Study , 2005, Public Health Nutrition.

[17]  A. Tamakoshi,et al.  Reproducibility and Validity of a Self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire Used in the JACC Study , 2005, Journal of epidemiology.

[18]  J. Marrugat,et al.  Adherence to the traditional mediterranean diet is inversely associated with body mass index and obesity in a spanish population. , 2004, The Journal of nutrition.

[19]  F. Parvez,et al.  Validity of a food-frequency questionnaire for a large prospective cohort study in Bangladesh , 2004, British Journal of Nutrition.

[20]  M. Thun,et al.  A prospective study of whole grains, fruits, vegetables and colon cancer risk , 2003, Cancer Causes & Control.

[21]  Raymond J Carroll,et al.  A comparison of a food frequency questionnaire with a 24-hour recall for use in an epidemiological cohort study: results from the biomarker-based Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) study. , 2003, International journal of epidemiology.

[22]  Raymond J Carroll,et al.  Structure of dietary measurement error: results of the OPEN biomarker study. , 2003, American journal of epidemiology.

[23]  V. Burley,et al.  Development, validation and utilisation of food-frequency questionnaires – a review , 2002, Public Health Nutrition.

[24]  E. Riboli,et al.  Validation and calibration of food-frequency questionnaire measurements in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease cohort , 2002, Public Health Nutrition.

[25]  S. Gimeno,et al.  [Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire]. , 2002, Revista de saude publica.

[26]  Fereidoun Azizi,et al.  Cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian urban population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (Phase 1) , 2002, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin.

[27]  W. Willett.  Invited commentary: a further look at dietary questionnaire validation. , 2001, American journal of epidemiology.

[28]  M. Marmot,et al.  Dietary assessment in Whitehall II: comparison of 7 d diet diary and food-frequency questionnaire and validity against biomarkers , 2001, British Journal of Nutrition.

[29]  N E Day,et al.  Use of biological markers to validate self-reported dietary intake in a random sample of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer United Kingdom Norfolk cohort. , 2001, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[30]  D Feskanich,et al.  Reproducibility and validity of dietary patterns assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. , 1999, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[31]  Walter C. Willett,et al.  Reproducibility and Validity of Food-Frequency Questionnaires , 1998 .

[32]  N Slimani,et al.  Pilot phase studies on the accuracy of dietary intake measurements in the EPIC project: overall evaluation of results. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. , 1997, International journal of epidemiology.

[33]  M C Ocké,et al.  Biochemical markers as additional measurements in dietary validity studies: application of the method of triads with examples from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. , 1997, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[34]  H Boeing,et al.  Reproducibility and relative validity of food group intake in a food frequency questionnaire developed for the German part of the EPIC project. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. , 1997 .

[35]  F Berrino,et al.  Relative validity and reproducibility of a food frequency dietary questionnaire for use in the Italian EPIC centres. , 1997, International journal of epidemiology.

[36]  D Kromhout,et al.  The Dutch EPIC food frequency questionnaire. I. Description of the questionnaire, and relative validity and reproducibility for food groups. , 1997, International journal of epidemiology.

[37]  Relative validity and reproducibility of a diet history questionnaire in Spain. I. Foods. EPIC Group of Spain. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. , 1997, International journal of epidemiology.

[38]  R A Goldbohm,et al.  Validation of a dietary questionnaire used in a large-scale prospective cohort study on diet and cancer. , 1994, European journal of clinical nutrition.

[39]  D Feskanich,et al.  Reproducibility and validity of food intake measurements from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. , 1993, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[40]  G A Colditz,et al.  Food-based validation of a dietary questionnaire: the effects of week-to-week variation in food consumption. , 1989, International journal of epidemiology.

[41]  W. Willett,et al.  Interval estimates for correlation coefficients corrected for within-person variation: implications for study design and hypothesis testing. , 1988, American journal of epidemiology.

[42]  M. Azar,et al.  Food Composition Table of Iran. Tehran, Iran: National Nutrition and Food Research Institute. , 1980 .