Technical feasibility study on a standalone hybrid solar-wind system with pumped hydro storage for a remote island in Hong Kong

The intermittent characteristic of a solar-alone or a wind-alone power generation system prevents the standalone renewable energy system from being fully reliable without suitable energy storage capability. In this study, the most traditional and mature storage technology, pumped hydro storage (PHS), is introduced to support the standalone microgrid hybrid solar-wind system. This paper explores a new solution for the challenging task about energy storage. A mathematical model of the hybrid system is developed and the operating principle is introduced. The proposed system is applied in a case study to power a remote island in Hong Kong, and its technical feasibility is then examined. The hour-by-hour simulation results indicate that the intermittent nature of the renewables can be compensated by introducing the PHS technology. Therefore, a reliable and environmentally friendly power supply can be provided. The results demonstrate that technically the PHS based renewable energy system is an ideal solution to achieve 100% energy autonomy in remote communities.

[1]  Haisheng Chen,et al.  Progress in electrical energy storage system: A critical review , 2009 .

[2]  I. Mougharbel,et al.  Simulation of a hybrid renewable energy system in rural regions , 2012, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[3]  B. Ould Bilal,et al.  Optimal design of a hybrid solar–wind-battery system using the minimization of the annualized cost system and the minimization of the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) , 2010 .

[4]  Djamila Diaf,et al.  A methodology for optimal sizing of autonomous hybrid PV/wind system , 2007 .

[5]  Hongxing Yang,et al.  Feasibility study and economic analysis of pumped hydro storage and battery storage for a renewable energy powered island , 2014 .

[6]  Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah,et al.  Optimal operational strategy for hybrid renewable energy system using genetic algorithms , 2007 .

[7]  John K. Kaldellis,et al.  Sizing a hybrid wind-diesel stand-alone system on the basis of minimum long-term electricity production cost , 2006 .

[8]  Ren Yan,et al.  Simulation and optimization of hybrid wind-solar-pumped-storage power system , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering.

[9]  Akihiko Yokoyama,et al.  Optimal operation scheduling of pumped storage hydro power plant in power system with a large penetration of photovoltaic generation using genetic algorithm , 2011, 2011 IEEE Trondheim PowerTech.

[10]  Ruisheng Li,et al.  Design of wind-solar and pumped-storage hybrid power supply system , 2010, 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology.

[11]  Tugrul U. Daim,et al.  Evaluation of energy storage technologies for integration with renewable electricity: Quantifying expert opinions , 2012 .

[12]  R. P. Saini,et al.  Sizing of integrated renewable energy system based on load profiles and reliability index for the state of Uttarakhand in India , 2011 .

[13]  G. Papadakis,et al.  A stand-alone photovoltaic power system for remote villages using pumped water energy storage , 2004 .

[14]  A. Yokoyama,et al.  Impact of operational scheduling of pumped storage power plant considering excess energy and reduction of fuel cost on power supply reliability in a power system with a large penetration of photovoltaic generations , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology.

[15]  Aie.  World Energy Outlook 2000 , 2000 .

[16]  H. S. Bagiorgas,et al.  Offshore wind speed and wind power characteristics for ten locations in Aegean and Ionian Seas , 2012, Journal of Earth System Science.

[17]  K. Chatterjee,et al.  Design of isolated renewable hybrid power systems , 2010 .

[18]  Liang Zhao,et al.  The Research of Wind-Light Complementary Based on Pumped Storage Power System , 2011 .

[19]  Christine Elizabeth Schoppe.  Wind and Pumped-Hydro Power Storage: Determining Optimal Commitment Policies with Knowledge Gradient Non-Parametric Estimation , 2010 .

[20]  A. Daraeepour,et al.  A new self-scheduling strategy for integrated operation of wind and pumped-storage power plants in power markets , 2011 .

[21]  Arthouros Zervos,et al.  The role of pumped storage systems towards the large scale wind integration in the Greek power supply system , 2012 .

[22]  Caisheng Wang,et al.  A hybrid electric/hydro storage solution for standalone photovoltaic applications in remote areas , 2012, 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[23]  S. Stamataki,et al.  Introduction of a wind powered pumped storage system in the isolated insular power system of Karpathos-Kasos , 2012 .

[24]  Ziyad M. Salameh,et al.  Sizing of a stand-alone hybrid wind-photovoltaic system using a three-event probability density approximation , 1996 .

[25]  Sandip Deshmukh,et al.  Modeling of hybrid renewable energy systems , 2008 .

[26]  Belkacem Draoui,et al.  Techno-economical study of hybrid power system for a remote village in Algeria , 2008 .

[27]  Poul Alberg Østergaard,et al.  Reviewing optimisation criteria for energy systems analyses of renewable energy integration , 2009 .

[28]  Tao Ma,et al.  Performance evaluation of a stand-alone photovoltaic system on an isolated island in Hong Kong , 2013 .

[29]  José L. Bernal-Agustín,et al.  Simulation and optimization of stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems , 2009 .

[30]  Dimitris E. Papantonis,et al.  A simulation-optimisation programme for designing hybrid energy systems for supplying electricity and fresh water through desalination to remote areas , 2001 .

[31]  Kamaruzzaman Sopian,et al.  Electricity generation of hybrid PV/wind systems in Iraq , 2010 .

[32]  Aidan Tuohy,et al.  Pumped storage in systems with very high wind penetration , 2011 .

[33]  Ziyad M. Salameh,et al.  Optimum photovoltaic array size for a hybrid wind/PV system , 1994 .

[34]  Brian Vad Mathiesen,et al.  The technical and economic implications of integrating fluctuating renewable energy using energy storage , 2012 .

[35]  Nicolas Crettenand.  Small storage and pumped storage plants in Switzerland , 2012 .

[36]  Ch. Sai Babu,et al.  Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Cell using Matlab-Simulink Environment , 2011 .

[37]  Wei Zhou,et al.  Current status of research on optimum sizing of stand-alone hybrid solar–wind power generation systems , 2010 .

[38]  M. Thring.  World Energy Outlook , 1977 .

[39]  Henrik Lund,et al.  Large-scale integration of optimal combinations of PV, wind and wave power into the electricity supply , 2006 .

[40]  David Lindley,et al.  Smart grids: The energy storage problem , 2010, Nature.

[41]  S. Padrón,et al.  Analysis of a pumped storage system to increase the penetration level of renewable energy in isolated power systems. Gran Canaria: A case study , 2011 .

[42]  S. M. Shaahid,et al.  Parametric study of hybrid (wind + solar + diesel) power generating systems , 2000 .

[43]  Lin Lu,et al.  Development of a model to simulate the performance characteristics of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules/strings/arrays , 2014 .

[44]  Amirnaser Yazdani,et al.  An integrated wind-photovoltaic-battery system with reduced power-electronic interface and fast cont , 2012 .