Optical Nonlinearity of ZrS2 and Applications in Fiber Laser

Group VIB transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been successfully demonstrated as saturable absorbers (SAs) for pulsed fiber lasers. For the group comprising IVB TMDs, applications in this field remain unexplored. In this work, ZrS2-based SA is prepared by depositing a ZrS2 nanostructured film onto the side surface of a D-shaped fiber. The nonlinear optical properties of the prepared SA are investigated, which had a modulation depth of 3.3% and a saturable intensity of 13.26 MW/cm2. In a pump power range of 144–479 mW, the Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser with ZrS2 can operate in the dual-wavelength Q-switching state. The pulse duration declined from 10.0 μs down to 2.3 μs. The single pulse energy reached 53.0 nJ. The usage of ZrS2 as a SA for pulse generation in fiber lasers is presented for the first time. Compared to the experimental results of dual-wavelength Q-switched fiber lasers with two-dimensional (2D) materials, our laser performance was better. Our work indicates that the group comprising IVB TMD ZrS2 has bright prospects for nonlinear optical applications.

[1]  Jianhua Ji,et al.  Few-layer antimonene decorated microfiber: ultra-short pulse generation and all-optical thresholding with enhanced long term stability , 2017 .

[2]  Min Zhou,et al.  Graphene-based passively Q-switched dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser. , 2010, Optics letters.

[3]  W. Lu,et al.  Ultrathin Metal–Organic Framework: An Emerging Broadband Nonlinear Optical Material for Ultrafast Photonics , 2018, Advanced Optical Materials.

[4]  Y. Bando,et al.  Electrical Transport and High‐Performance Photoconductivity in Individual ZrS2 Nanobelts , 2010, Advanced materials.

[5]  Feng Zhang,et al.  2D Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorbers for Ultrafast Photonics , 2018, Advanced Optical Materials.

[6]  W. Lu,et al.  Large-area and highly crystalline MoSe2 for optical modulator , 2017, Nanotechnology.

[7]  D. Basko,et al.  Raman spectroscopy as a versatile tool for studying the properties of graphene. , 2013, Nature nanotechnology.

[8]  Harith Ahmad,et al.  Stable narrow spacing dual-wavelength Q-switched graphene oxide embedded in a photonic crystal fiber , 2014 .

[9]  Wenjun Liu,et al.  Tungsten diselenide for all-fiber lasers with the chemical vapor deposition method. , 2018, Nanoscale.

[10]  K. Chow,et al.  Dark pulse generation in fiber lasers incorporating carbon nanotubes. , 2014, Optics express.

[11]  M. A. Ismail,et al.  Using a black phosphorus saturable absorber to generate dual wavelengths in a Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser , 2016 .

[12]  Young In Jhon,et al.  Metallic MXene Saturable Absorber for Femtosecond Mode‐Locked Lasers , 2017, Advanced materials.

[13]  Zhengqian Luo,et al.  1-, 1.5-, and 2-μm Fiber Lasers Q-Switched by a Broadband Few-Layer MoS2 Saturable Absorber , 2014, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[14]  Yudong Cui,et al.  Nonlinear Saturable and Polarization-induced Absorption of Rhenium Disulfide , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[15]  S. Harun,et al.  Passively dual-wavelength Q-switched ytterbium doped fiber laser using Selenium Bismuth as saturable absorber , 2015 .

[16]  F. Guinea,et al.  Enhanced superconductivity in atomically thin TaS2 , 2016, Nature Communications.

[17]  H. Zeng,et al.  Nonlinear Saturable Absorption of Liquid-Exfoliated Molybdenum/Tungsten Ditelluride Nanosheets. , 2016, Small.

[18]  Madan Dubey,et al.  Two-dimensional material nanophotonics , 2014, 1410.3882.

[19]  Yanrong Li,et al.  Two-dimensional semiconductors with possible high room temperature mobility , 2014, Nano Research.

[20]  D. Lim,et al.  Dose- and Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity of Layered Black Phosphorus in Fibroblastic Cells , 2018, Nanomaterials.

[21]  Shuangchen Ruan,et al.  Mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser with chemical vapor deposited molybdenum ditelluride. , 2018, Optics letters.

[22]  D. Mao,et al.  Passively Q-Switched and Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Based on an ReS2 Saturable Absorber , 2018, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[23]  Reza Khazaeinezhad,et al.  All-fiber Er-doped Q-Switched laser based on Tungsten Disulfide saturable absorber , 2015 .

[24]  Peiguang Yan,et al.  Tunable and switchable multi-wavelength dissipative soliton generation in a graphene oxide mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser. , 2014, Optics express.

[25]  S. Wen,et al.  Ultrafast pulse generation from erbium-doped fiber laser modulated by hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskites , 2017 .

[26]  Qing Hua Wang,et al.  Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. , 2012, Nature nanotechnology.

[27]  Z. Cai,et al.  Compact self-Q-switched, tunable mid-infrared all-fiber pulsed laser. , 2018, Optics express.

[28]  Feng Zhang,et al.  Sub-200 fs soliton mode-locked fiber laser based on bismuthene saturable absorber. , 2018, Optics express.

[29]  H. Zhang,et al.  Switchable Dual-Wavelength Synchronously Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Based on Graphene Saturable Absorber , 2012, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[30]  Qingyun Chen,et al.  Passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser based on SnS 2 nanosheets as a saturable absorber , 2018 .

[31]  Zhiyi Wei,et al.  CVD-grown MoSe2 with high modulation depth for ultrafast mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser , 2018, Nanotechnology.

[32]  Hejia Yang,et al.  Nonlinear optical response and applications of tin disulfide in the near- and mid-infrared , 2017 .

[33]  D. Mao,et al.  Broadband polarization-insensitive saturable absorption of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. , 2018, Nanoscale.

[34]  Q. Bao,et al.  2D–Materials‐Based Quantum Dots: Gateway Towards Next‐Generation Optical Devices , 2017 .

[35]  Hang Zhang,et al.  MoS2 nanoflowers as high performance saturable absorbers for an all-fiber passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser. , 2016, Nanoscale.

[36]  Zhiyi Wei,et al.  Tungsten disulfide saturable absorbers for 67 fs mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers. , 2017, Optics express.

[37]  Yong Yao,et al.  Dual-wavelength rectangular pulse erbium-doped fiber laser based on topological insulator saturable absorber , 2015 .

[38]  B. Dlubak,et al.  A Local Study of the Transport Mechanisms in MoS2 Layers for Magnetic Tunnel Junctions. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[39]  Yan Li,et al.  Large scale ZrS2 atomically thin layers , 2016 .

[40]  Lei Liu,et al.  Dual-wavelength passively Q-switched Erbium doped fiber laser based on an SWNT saturable absorber , 2013 .

[41]  June Park,et al.  Near‐Infrared Saturable Absorption of Defective Bulk‐Structured WTe2 for Femtosecond Laser Mode‐Locking , 2016 .

[42]  Min Zhao,et al.  Size-dependent nonlinear optical properties of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets. , 2015, Small.

[43]  Jianlin Zhao,et al.  Graphene-supported manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons in metallic nanowaveguides , 2017 .

[44]  Chunhui Zhu,et al.  Two-dimensional material-based saturable absorbers: towards compact visible-wavelength all-fiber pulsed lasers. , 2016, Nanoscale.

[45]  Andrés Cantarero,et al.  Raman Spectra of ZrS2 and ZrSe2 from Bulk to Atomically Thin Layers , 2016 .

[46]  S. Ruan,et al.  Hafnium Sulfide Nanosheets for Ultrafast Photonic Device , 2018, Advanced Optical Materials.

[47]  D. Fan,et al.  Broadband Nonlinear Photonics in Few‐Layer MXene Ti3C2Tx (T = F, O, or OH) , 2018 .

[48]  Jinde Yin,et al.  α-In2Se3 wideband optical modulator for pulsed fiber lasers. , 2018, Optics letters.