Therapeutic potential and safety considerations for the clinical use of synthetic cannabinoids

[1]  Dennis J Sholler,et al.  Therapeutic Efficacy of Cannabidiol (CBD): a Review of the Evidence From Clinical Trials and Human Laboratory Studies , 2020, Current Addiction Reports.

[2]  M. Heilig,et al.  Elevated Anandamide, Enhanced Recall of Fear Extinction, and Attenuated Stress Responses Following Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase: A Randomized, Controlled Experimental Medicine Trial , 2020, Biological Psychiatry.

[3]  M. Überall.  A Review of Scientific Evidence for THC:CBD Oromucosal Spray (Nabiximols) in the Management of Chronic Pain , 2020, Journal of pain research.

[4]  K. Sommerville,et al.  Abrupt withdrawal of cannabidiol (CBD): A randomized trial , 2020, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[5]  Benjamin J. Whalley,et al.  The proposed mechanisms of action of CBD in epilepsy. , 2020, Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape.

[6]  E. Rezus,et al.  Challenges and Opportunities in Preclinical Research of Synthetic Cannabinoids for Pain Therapy , 2020, Medicina.

[7]  N. Masataka.  Anxiolytic Effects of Repeated Cannabidiol Treatment in Teenagers With Social Anxiety Disorders , 2019, Front. Psychol..

[8]  Z. Cooper,et al.  Considering abuse liability and neurocognitive effects of cannabis and cannabis-derived products when assessing analgesic efficacy: a comprehensive review of randomized-controlled studies , 2019, The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse.

[9]  M. Huestis,et al.  Cannabidiol Adverse Effects and Toxicity , 2019, Current neuropharmacology.

[10]  I. McGregor,et al.  Nabiximols for the Treatment of Cannabis Dependence: A Randomized Clinical Trial. , 2019, JAMA internal medicine.

[11]  C. Stove,et al.  Insights into biased signaling at cannabinoid receptors: synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists. , 2019, Biochemical pharmacology.

[12]  Y. Hurd,et al.  Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. , 2019, The American journal of psychiatry.

[13]  Adrian T. Grzybowski,et al.  Complete biosynthesis of cannabinoids and their unnatural analogues in yeast , 2019, Nature.

[14]  C. White,et al.  A Review of Human Studies Assessing Cannabidiol's (CBD) Therapeutic Actions and Potential , 2019, Journal of clinical pharmacology.

[15]  R. Croft,et al.  A randomised controlled trial of vaporised Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol alone and in combination in frequent and infrequent cannabis users: acute intoxication effects , 2019, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.

[16]  E. Groce.  The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research , 2018, Journal of Medical Regulation.

[17]  F. Guimarães,et al.  Cannabidiol presents an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve in a simulated public speaking test , 2018, Revista brasileira de psiquiatria.

[18]  M. Jiang,et al.  Activity-Based Protein Profiling Delivers Selective Drug Candidate ABX-1431, a Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor, To Control Lipid Metabolism in Neurological Disorders , 2018, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[19]  R. Rubin.  The Path to the First FDA-Approved Cannabis-Derived Treatment and What Comes Next. , 2018, JAMA.

[20]  R. McLaughlin,et al.  Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain , 2018, Pain.

[21]  J. Foss,et al.  An overview of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor system and its therapeutic potential , 2018, Current opinion in anaesthesiology.

[22]  Jamie Corroon,et al.  A Cross-Sectional Study of Cannabidiol Users , 2018, Cannabis and cannabinoid research.

[23]  Anup D. Patel,et al.  Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome , 2018, The New England journal of medicine.

[24]  C. Morgan,et al.  Cannabidiol reverses attentional bias to cigarette cues in a human experimental model of tobacco withdrawal , 2018, Addiction.

[25]  M. Ritsner,et al.  Add-On Pregnenolone with L-Theanine to Antipsychotic Therapy Relieves Negative and Anxiety Symptoms of Schizophrenia: An 8-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. , 2018, Clinical schizophrenia & related psychoses.

[26]  D. Boggs,et al.  The effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on cognition and symptoms in outpatients with chronic schizophrenia a randomized placebo controlled trial , 2018, Psychopharmacology.

[27]  U. Kumar,et al.  Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System: Signaling and Function in the Central Nervous System , 2018, International journal of molecular sciences.

[28]  M. Huestis,et al.  Cannabinoid Markers in Biological Fluids and Tissues: Revealing Intake. , 2018, Trends in molecular medicine.

[29]  D. Streiner,et al.  Nabiximols combined with motivational enhancement/cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of cannabis dependence: A pilot randomized clinical trial , 2018, PloS one.

[30]  Jason D. Robinson,et al.  Pooled analysis of three randomized, double‐blind, placebo controlled trials with rimonabant for smoking cessation , 2018, Addiction biology.

[31]  J. Ramaekers,et al.  Neurocognition and subjective experience following acute doses of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH‐018: a phase 1, placebo‐controlled, pilot study , 2018, British journal of pharmacology.

[32]  P. McGuire,et al.  Cannabidiol (CBD) as an Adjunctive Therapy in Schizophrenia: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. , 2017, The American journal of psychiatry.

[33]  D. Spyker,et al.  2016 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 34th Annual Report , 2017, Clinical toxicology.

[34]  P. Crooks,et al.  Characterization of structurally novel G protein biased CB1 agonists: Implications for drug development , 2017, Pharmacological research.

[35]  O. Kayser,et al.  Engineering yeasts as platform organisms for cannabinoid biosynthesis. , 2017, Journal of biotechnology.

[36]  M. Huestis,et al.  Reports of Adverse Events Associated with Use of Novel Psychoactive Substances, 2013-2016: A Review. , 2017, Journal of analytical toxicology.

[37]  Zhanmin Lin,et al.  Activity-based protein profiling reveals off-target proteins of the FAAH inhibitor BIA 10-2474 , 2017, Science.

[38]  J. Ramaekers,et al.  Pharmacokinetic properties of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH‐018 and of its metabolites in serum after inhalation , 2017, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[39]  I. Scheffer,et al.  Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug‐Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome , 2017, The New England journal of medicine.

[40]  A. Mead.  The legal status of cannabis (marijuana) and cannabidiol (CBD) under U.S. law , 2017, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[41]  Thuy-Ai T Nguyen,et al.  Allosteric Modulation: An Alternate Approach Targeting the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor , 2017, Medicinal research reviews.

[42]  J. Nickel,et al.  Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitor Treatment in Men With Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: An Adaptive Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. , 2017, Urology.

[43]  M. Haney,et al.  Oral cannabidiol does not produce a signal for abuse liability in frequent marijuana smokers. , 2017, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[44]  M. Glass,et al.  Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 Receptor Signaling and Bias , 2017, Cannabis and cannabinoid research.

[45]  R. Laprairie,et al.  Cannabinoid receptor ligand bias: implications in the central nervous system , 2017, Current opinion in pharmacology.

[46]  Samuel D. Banister,et al.  “Zombie” Outbreak Caused by the Synthetic Cannabinoid AMB‐FUBINACA in New York , 2017, The New England journal of medicine.

[47]  M. Ritsner,et al.  Adjunctive Pregnenolone Ameliorates the Cognitive Deficits in Recent-Onset Schizophrenia: An 8-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. , 2017, Clinical schizophrenia & related psychoses.

[48]  Sara R. Jones,et al.  Biased agonists of the kappa opioid receptor suppress pain and itch without causing sedation or dysphoria , 2016, Science Signaling.

[49]  S. Wright,et al.  An observational postmarketing safety registry of patients in the UK, Germany, and Switzerland who have been prescribed Sativex® (THC:CBD, nabiximols) oromucosal spray , 2016, Therapeutics and clinical risk management.

[50]  A. Fernández-Carballido,et al.  Phyto-, endo- and synthetic cannabinoids: promising chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of breast and prostate carcinomas , 2016, Expert opinion on investigational drugs.

[51]  Jimmy D Bell,et al.  Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study , 2016, Diabetes Care.

[52]  G. Bedi,et al.  Oral Cannabidiol does not Alter the Subjective, Reinforcing or Cardiovascular Effects of Smoked Cannabis , 2016, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[53]  Z. Xi,et al.  Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors Mediate a Cell Type-Specific Plasticity in the Hippocampus , 2016, Neuron.

[54]  C. Dubray,et al.  FAAH inhibitors in the limelight, but regrettably , 2016, International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[55]  G. Bedi,et al.  Effects of zolpidem alone and in combination with nabilone on cannabis withdrawal and a laboratory model of relapse in cannabis users , 2016, Psychopharmacology.

[56]  Z. Cooper.  Adverse Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoids: Management of Acute Toxicity and Withdrawal , 2016, Current Psychiatry Reports.

[57]  K. Mackie,et al.  An Introduction to the Endogenous Cannabinoid System , 2016, Biological Psychiatry.

[58]  M. Elsohly,et al.  Changes in Cannabis Potency Over the Last 2 Decades (1995–2014): Analysis of Current Data in the United States , 2016, Biological Psychiatry.

[59]  R. Laprairie,et al.  Biased Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor Signaling Influences Neuronal Viability in a Cell Culture Model of Huntington Disease , 2016, Molecular Pharmacology.

[60]  Anup D. Patel,et al.  Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial , 2016, The Lancet Neurology.

[61]  P. Morrison,et al.  The effect of five day dosing with THCV on THC-induced cognitive, psychological and physiological effects in healthy male human volunteers: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover pilot trial , 2016, Journal of psychopharmacology.

[62]  F. Piscitelli,et al.  The Endocannabinoid System and its Modulation by Phytocannabinoids , 2015, Neurotherapeutics.

[63]  P. Sexton,et al.  Biased Agonism and Biased Allosteric Modulation at the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor , 2015, Molecular Pharmacology.

[64]  R. Gerona,et al.  Synthetic Cannabinoid-Related Illnesses and Deaths. , 2015, The New England journal of medicine.

[65]  Penny F Whiting,et al.  Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. , 2015, JAMA.

[66]  Arthur Christopoulos,et al.  Novel Allosteric Modulators of G Protein-coupled Receptors* , 2015, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[67]  O. Kayser,et al.  Production of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid from cannabigerolic acid by whole cells of Pichia (Komagataella) pastoris expressing Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis satival. , 2015, Biotechnology Letters.

[68]  M. Castaneto,et al.  Synthetic cannabinoids pharmacokinetics and detection methods in biological matrices , 2015, Drug metabolism reviews.

[69]  C. Morgan,et al.  Acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and their combination on facial emotion recognition: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in cannabis users , 2015, European Neuropsychopharmacology.

[70]  R. Jetly,et al.  The efficacy of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, in the treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares: A preliminary randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design study , 2015, Psychoneuroendocrinology.

[71]  B. Watkins,et al.  The endocannabinoid system: directing eating behavior and macronutrient metabolism , 2015, Front. Psychol..

[72]  J. Wiley,et al.  Baths Salts, Spice, and Related Designer Drugs: The Science Behind the Headlines , 2014, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[73]  Marilyn A Huestis,et al.  Synthetic cannabinoids: epidemiology, pharmacodynamics, and clinical implications. , 2014, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[74]  J. Crippa,et al.  Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease: An exploratory double-blind trial , 2014, Journal of psychopharmacology.

[75]  M. Troxell,et al.  Acute kidney injury associated with smoking synthetic cannabinoid , 2014, Clinical toxicology.

[76]  R. Laprairie,et al.  Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Display Functional Selectivity in a Cell Culture Model of Striatal Medium Spiny Projection Neurons* , 2014, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[77]  S. Burstein,et al.  Ultrapure ajulemic acid has improved CB2 selectivity with reduced CB1 activity. , 2014, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.

[78]  L. Hynan,et al.  A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Pregnenolone for Bipolar Depression , 2014, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[79]  Benjamin J. Whalley,et al.  Cannabidiol: Pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders , 2014, Epilepsia.

[80]  M. Ritsner,et al.  Pregnenolone treatment reduces severity of negative symptoms in recent‐onset schizophrenia: An 8‐week, double‐blind, randomized add‐on two‐center trial , 2014, Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[81]  R. Djaldetti,et al.  Cannabis (Medical Marijuana) Treatment for Motor and Non–Motor Symptoms of Parkinson Disease: An Open-Label Observational Study , 2014, Clinical neuropharmacology.

[82]  R. Vandrey,et al.  Using cannabis to help you sleep: heightened frequency of medical cannabis use among those with PTSD. , 2014, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[83]  I. McGregor,et al.  Nabiximols as an agonist replacement therapy during cannabis withdrawal: a randomized clinical trial. , 2014, JAMA psychiatry.

[84]  W. Fantegrossi,et al.  Distinct pharmacology and metabolism of K2 synthetic cannabinoids compared to Δ(9)-THC: mechanism underlying greater toxicity? , 2014, Life sciences.

[85]  P. Piazza,et al.  Pregnenolone Can Protect the Brain from Cannabis Intoxication , 2014, Science.

[86]  Sunjeev K Kamboj,et al.  Cannabidiol reduces cigarette consumption in tobacco smokers: preliminary findings. , 2013, Addictive behaviors.

[87]  Arthur Christopoulos,et al.  Emerging paradigms in GPCR allostery: implications for drug discovery , 2013, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[88]  J. V. van Gerven,et al.  Surinabant, a selective cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist, inhibits Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced central nervous system and heart rate effects in humans. , 2013, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[89]  B. Gulyás,et al.  Radiolabeling of the cannabinoid receptor agonist AZD1940 with carbon-11 and PET microdosing in non-human primate. , 2013, Nuclear medicine and biology.

[90]  K. Huizar,et al.  Evaluation of the analgesic efficacy and psychoactive effects of AZD1940, a novel peripherally acting cannabinoid agonist, in human capsaicin‐induced pain and hyperalgesia , 2013, Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology.

[91]  K. Franson,et al.  The Pharmacologic and Clinical Effects of Medical Cannabis , 2013, Pharmacotherapy.

[92]  M. Stitzer,et al.  The dose effects of short-term dronabinol (oral THC) maintenance in daily cannabis users. , 2013, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[93]  R. Mechoulam,et al.  The endocannabinoid system and the brain. , 2013, Annual review of psychology.

[94]  Sheng-hua Wu,et al.  Efficacy and safety of 15(R/S)‐methyl‐lipoxin A4 in topical treatment of infantile eczema , 2013, The British journal of dermatology.

[95]  F. Guimarães,et al.  Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders , 2012, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[96]  R. N. Takahashi,et al.  Anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 is an endogenous allosteric enhancer of CB1 cannabinoid receptor , 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[97]  A. Kroon,et al.  Rimonabant improves obesity but not the overall cardiovascular risk and quality of life; results from CARDIO-REDUSE (CArdiometabolic Risk reDuctIOn by Rimonabant: the Effectiveness in Daily practice and its USE). , 2012, Family practice.

[98]  J. Deschamps,et al.  Peripheral cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonism reduces obesity by reversing leptin resistance. , 2012, Cell metabolism.

[99]  M. Hellmich,et al.  Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia , 2012, Translational Psychiatry.

[100]  R. Conley,et al.  Rimonabant for neurocognition in schizophrenia: A 16-week double blind randomized placebo controlled trial , 2012, Schizophrenia Research.

[101]  S. Tonstad,et al.  Efficacy of a dose range of surinabant, a cannabinoid receptor blocker, for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled clinical trial , 2012, Journal of psychopharmacology.

[102]  A. Cavalli,et al.  A catalytically silent FAAH-1 variant drives anandamide transport in neurons , 2011, Nature Neuroscience.

[103]  Maria F. Sassano,et al.  Discovery of β-Arrestin–Biased Dopamine D2 Ligands for Probing Signal Transduction Pathways Essential for Antipsychotic Efficacy , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[104]  T. Ostenfeld,et al.  A Randomized, Controlled Study to Investigate the Analgesic Efficacy of Single Doses of the Cannabinoid Receptor-2 Agonist GW842166, Ibuprofen or Placebo in Patients With Acute Pain Following Third Molar Tooth Extraction , 2011, The Clinical journal of pain.

[105]  Z. Xi,et al.  Brain Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors Modulate Cocaine’s Actions in Mice , 2011, Nature Neuroscience.

[106]  R. Roesler,et al.  Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients , 2011, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[107]  T. Kenakin.  Functional Selectivity and Biased Receptor Signaling , 2011, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[108]  Christopher Rodgman,et al.  Bad Mojo: use of the new marijuana substitute leads to more and more ED visits for acute psychosis. , 2011, The American journal of emergency medicine.

[109]  P. McGuire,et al.  Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report , 2011, Journal of psychopharmacology.

[110]  S. Toubro,et al.  A Randomized Trial of Lifestyle Modification and Taranabant for Maintaining Weight Loss Achieved With a Low‐Calorie Diet , 2010, Obesity.

[111]  Stephen P. H. Alexander,et al.  International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXIX. Cannabinoid Receptors and Their Ligands: Beyond CB1 and CB2 , 2010, Pharmacological Reviews.

[112]  Linda Koch.  Obesity: Taranabant no longer developed as an antiobesity agent , 2010, Nature Reviews Endocrinology.

[113]  K. Fujioka,et al.  A one‐year study to assess the safety and efficacy of the CB1R inverse agonist taranabant in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes , 2010, Diabetes, obesity & metabolism.

[114]  A. Rissanen,et al.  A clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of the CB1R inverse agonist taranabant in obese and overweight patients: low-dose study , 2010, International Journal of Obesity.

[115]  M. Ware,et al.  The abuse potential of the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone. , 2010, Addiction.

[116]  C. Lines,et al.  Randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of taranabant for smoking cessation , 2010, Psychopharmacology.

[117]  L. Aronne,et al.  A clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of taranabant, a CB1R inverse agonist, in obese and overweight patients: a high-dose study , 2010, International Journal of Obesity.

[118]  R. Spanagel,et al.  Withdrawal phenomena and dependence syndrome after the consumption of "spice gold". , 2009, Deutsches Arzteblatt international.

[119]  Yan Sun,et al.  Time-dependent vascular actions of cannabidiol in the rat aorta. , 2009, European journal of pharmacology.

[120]  C. Serhan,et al.  Ajulemic acid, a synthetic cannabinoid, increases formation of the endogenous proresolving and anti‐inflammatory eicosanoid, lipoxin A4 , 2009, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[121]  S. Goldberg,et al.  The future of endocannabinoid-oriented clinical research after CB1 antagonists , 2009, Psychopharmacology.

[122]  R. Pertwee,et al.  Emerging strategies for exploiting cannabinoid receptor agonists as medicines , 2009, British journal of pharmacology.

[123]  A. Duranti,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of a peripherally restricted CB1 cannabinoid antagonist, URB447, that reduces feeding and body-weight gain in mice. , 2009, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[124]  S. Burstein,et al.  Ajulemic acid, a synthetic cannabinoid acid, induces an antiinflammatory profile of eicosanoids in human synovial cells. , 2008, Life sciences.

[125]  F. Bermúdez-Silva,et al.  Central Versus Peripheral Antagonism of Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor in Obesity: Effects of LH‐21, a Peripherally Acting Neutral Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonist, in Zucker Rats , 2008, Journal of neuroendocrinology.

[126]  R. Pertwee,et al.  The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabivarin , 2008 .

[127]  S. Hjorth,et al.  The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor , 2007, British journal of pharmacology.

[128]  Robin Christensen,et al.  Efficacy and safety of the weight-loss drug rimonabant: a meta-analysis of randomised trials , 2007, The Lancet.

[129]  S. Heishman,et al.  Single and multiple doses of rimonabant antagonize acute effects of smoked cannabis in male cannabis users , 2007, Psychopharmacology.

[130]  R. Pertwee.  Cannabinoids and Multiple Sclerosis , 2007, Molecular Neurobiology.

[131]  D. Macintyre,et al.  Antiobesity Efficacy of a Novel Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Inverse Agonist, N-[(1S,2S)-3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl]-2-methyl-2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}propanamide (MK-0364), in Rodents , 2007, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[132]  I. Chessell,et al.  Discovery of 2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]-N-[(tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 5-pyrimidinecarboxamide, a selective CB2 receptor agonist for the treatment of inflammatory pain. , 2007, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[133]  J. Chen,et al.  Substituted acyclic sulfonamides as human cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonists. , 2007, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[134]  R. Pertwee,et al.  Cannabidiol displays unexpectedly high potency as an antagonist of CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists in vitro , 2007, British journal of pharmacology.

[135]  A. Lichtman,et al.  The psychoactive plant cannabinoid, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, is antagonized by Δ8‐ and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabivarin in mice in vivo , 2007, British journal of pharmacology.

[136]  J. Hughes,et al.  Oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol suppresses cannabis withdrawal symptoms. , 2007, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[137]  S. Hitchcock,et al.  Structure-brain exposure relationships. , 2006, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[138]  G. Uhl,et al.  Discovery of the Presence and Functional Expression of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors in Brain , 2006, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[139]  A. Zuardi.  History of cannabis as a medicine: a review. , 2006, Revista brasileira de psiquiatria.

[140]  D. Kunz,et al.  Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for nighttime agitation in severe dementia , 2006, Psychopharmacology.

[141]  Daniele Piomelli,et al.  Pharmacological profile of the selective FAAH inhibitor KDS-4103 (URB597). , 2006, CNS drug reviews.

[142]  C. Tränkle,et al.  Cannabidiol is an allosteric modulator at mu- and delta-opioid receptors , 2006, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.

[143]  F Xavier Pi-Sunyer,et al.  Effect of rimonabant, a cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker, on weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese patients: RIO-North America: a randomized controlled trial. , 2006, JAMA.

[144]  G. Uhl,et al.  Cannabinoid CB2 receptors: Immunohistochemical localization in rat brain , 2006, Brain Research.

[145]  R. Pertwee,et al.  Evidence that the plant cannabinoid Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabivarin is a cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonist , 2005, British journal of pharmacology.

[146]  Judit K. Makara,et al.  Selective inhibition of 2-AG hydrolysis enhances endocannabinoid signaling in hippocampus , 2005, Nature Neuroscience.

[147]  E. Russo,et al.  Agonistic Properties of Cannabidiol at 5-HT1a Receptors , 2005, Neurochemical Research.

[148]  A. Dyson,et al.  Antihyperalgesic properties of the cannabinoid CT-3 in chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain states in the rat , 2005, Pain.

[149]  S. Vosburg,et al.  Reinforcing effects of oral Δ9-THC in male marijuana smokers in a laboratory choice procedure , 2005, Psychopharmacology.

[150]  S. Goldberg,et al.  Nicotine induces conditioned place preferences over a large range of doses in rats , 2005, Psychopharmacology.

[151]  J. Lange,et al.  Bioisosteric replacements of the pyrazole moiety of rimonabant: synthesis, biological properties, and molecular modeling investigations of thiazoles, triazoles, and imidazoles as potent and selective CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonists. , 2005, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[152]  P. Soubrié,et al.  SR147778 [5-(4-Bromophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-N-(1-piperidinyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide], a New Potent and Selective Antagonist of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor: Biochemical and Pharmacological Characterization , 2004, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[153]  P. Sexton,et al.  Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors. , 2004, Current pharmaceutical design.

[154]  B. Cravatt,et al.  Mice lacking fatty acid amide hydrolase exhibit a cannabinoid receptor-mediated phenotypic hypoalgesia , 2004, Pain.

[155]  W. Notcutt,et al.  Initial experiences with medicinal extracts of cannabis for chronic pain: Results from 34 ‘N of 1’ studies , 2004, Anaesthesia.

[156]  M. Karst,et al.  Analgesic effect of the synthetic cannabinoid CT-3 on chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial. , 2003, JAMA.

[157]  P. Soubrié,et al.  Anti-obesity effect of SR141716, a CB1 receptor antagonist, in diet-induced obese mice. , 2003, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[158]  D. Wade,et al.  A preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms , 2003, Clinical rehabilitation.

[159]  G. Perrault,et al.  SR141716, a central cannabinoid (CB1) receptor antagonist, blocks the motivational and dopamine-releasing effects of nicotine in rats , 2002, Behavioural pharmacology.

[160]  T. Freund,et al.  Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[161]  F. Mauler,et al.  Characterization of the diarylether sulfonylester (-)-(R)-3-(2-hydroxymethylindanyl-4-oxy)phenyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-sulfonate (BAY 38-7271) as a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist with neuroprotective properties. , 2002, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[162]  M. Herkenham,et al.  International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of Cannabinoid Receptors , 2002, Pharmacological Reviews.

[163]  J. Brotchie,et al.  Cannabinoids reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease: A pilot study , 2001, Neurology.

[164]  D. Ponde,et al.  Molecular targets for cannabidiol and its synthetic analogues: effect on vanilloid VR1 receptors and on the cellular uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide , 2001, British journal of pharmacology.

[165]  B. Cravatt,et al.  Supersensitivity to anandamide and enhanced endogenous cannabinoid signaling in mice lacking fatty acid amide hydrolase , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[166]  S. Heishman,et al.  Blockade of effects of smoked marijuana by the CB1-selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716. , 2001, Archives of general psychiatry.

[167]  N. Darmani.  Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Synthetic Cannabinoids Prevent Emesis Produced by the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonist/Inverse Agonist SR 141716A , 2001, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[168]  C. Heather Ashton,et al.  Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: A brief review , 2001, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[169]  H. Iwamura,et al.  In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of JTE-907, a novel selective ligand for cannabinoid CB2 receptor. , 2001, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[170]  R. Mechoulam,et al.  A historical overview of chemical research on cannabinoids. , 2000, Chemistry and physics of lipids.

[171]  G. Griffin,et al.  Cloning and pharmacological characterization of the rat CB(2) cannabinoid receptor. , 2000, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[172]  K. Waku,et al.  Evidence That 2-Arachidonoylglycerol but Not N-Palmitoylethanolamine or Anandamide Is the Physiological Ligand for the Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[173]  S. McAllister,et al.  Evaluation of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor-selective antagonist, SR144528: further evidence for cannabinoid CB2 receptor absence in the rat central nervous system. , 1999, European journal of pharmacology.

[174]  M. Haney,et al.  Abstinence symptoms following oral THC administration to humans , 1999, Psychopharmacology.

[175]  D. Bonhaus,et al.  Evidence for inverse agonism of SR141716A at human recombinant cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors , 1998, British journal of pharmacology.

[176]  G. Galloway,et al.  Abuse potential of dronabinol (Marinol). , 1998, Journal of psychoactive drugs.

[177]  L. Volicer,et al.  Effects of Dronabinol on anorexia and disturbed behavior in patients with Alzheimer's disease , 1997, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[178]  N. Kaminski,et al.  Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2: a characterization of expression and adenylate cyclase modulation within the immune system. , 1997, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[179]  Stephen P. Mayfield,et al.  Molecular characterization of an enzyme that degrades neuromodulatory fatty-acid amides , 1996, Nature.

[180]  P. Casellas,et al.  Cannabinoids enhance human B‐cell growth at low nanomolar concentrations , 1995, FEBS letters.

[181]  S. Galiègue,et al.  Expression of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leukocyte subpopulations. , 1995, European journal of biochemistry.

[182]  K. Rice,et al.  Cannabinoid receptor binding and agonist activity of amides and esters of arachidonic acid. , 1994, Molecular pharmacology.

[183]  P. Soubrié,et al.  SR141716A, a potent and selective antagonist of the brain cannabinoid receptor , 1994, FEBS letters.

[184]  R. Mechoulam,et al.  A novel probe for the cannabinoid receptor. , 1992, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[185]  S. Snider,et al.  Controlled clinical trial of cannabidiol in Huntington's disease , 1991, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[186]  T. Bonner,et al.  Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA , 1990, Nature.

[187]  L. Hollister,et al.  Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids with emphasis on man. , 1986, Pharmacological reviews.

[188]  M. O. Maykut.  Health consequences of acute and chronic marihuana use , 1985, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

[189]  R. Mechoulam,et al.  Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish , 1964 .

[190]  P. Skosnik,et al.  Efficacy and safety of a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor (PF-04457845) in the treatment of cannabis withdrawal and dependence in men: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, phase 2a single-site randomised controlled trial. , 2019, The lancet. Psychiatry.

[191]  J. Opacka-Juffry,et al.  Spicing Up Pharmacology: A Review of Synthetic Cannabinoids From Structure to Adverse Events. , 2017, Advances in pharmacology.

[192]  C. Goodman,et al.  Synthetic Cannabis Substances (SPS) Use and Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD): Two Case Reports. , 2014, The Israel journal of psychiatry and related sciences.

[193]  E. Oleson,et al.  Using dopamine research to generate rational cannabinoid drug policy. , 2013, Drug testing and analysis.

[194]  R. Vandrey,et al.  A survey study to characterize use of Spice products (synthetic cannabinoids). , 2012, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[195]  P. McGuire,et al.  Distinct effects of {delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on neural activation during emotional processing. , 2009, Archives of general psychiatry.

[196]  Arthur Christopoulos,et al.  Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors. , 2007, Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology.

[197]  D. Lau,et al.  overweight: updated meta-analysis Long term pharmacotherapy for obesity and , 2007 .

[198]  S. Burstein,et al.  Suppression of fibroblast metalloproteinases by ajulemic acid, a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid acid , 2007, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[199]  K. Mackie,et al.  Distribution of cannabinoid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system. , 2005, Handbook of experimental pharmacology.

[200]  S. Vosburg,et al.  Marijuana Withdrawal in Humans: Effects of Oral THC or Divalproex , 2004, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[201]  Franjo Grotenhermen,et al.  Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cannabinoids , 2003, Clinical pharmacokinetics.

[202]  G. Cabral,et al.  Differential expression of the CB2 cannabinoid receptor by rodent macrophages and macrophage-like cells in relation to cell activation. , 2002, International immunopharmacology.

[203]  R. Pertwee.  Pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. , 1997, Pharmacology & therapeutics.

[204]  G. Chaudhuri,et al.  Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding the mouse brain-type cannabinoid receptor protein. , 1995, DNA sequence : the journal of DNA sequencing and mapping.

[205]  R. Mechoulam,et al.  Marijuana ; chemistry, pharmacology, metabolism and clinical effects , 1973 .

[206]  Identification functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors. , 2022 .