The influence of habitat complexity and fish size on over-winter survival and growth of individually marked juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Big Beef Creek, Washington

Nous avons marque individuellement des juveniles de saumon coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) sauvage, en octobre 1990 et 1991, pour evaluer les effets de la complexite de l'habitat et de la taille des poissons sur la survie hivernale dans le Big Beef Creek (Washington). Nous avons quantifie la complexite de l'habitat dans l'unite d'habitat ou les poissons ont ete preleves et, en 1991, nous l'avons fait egalement dans le troncon de 500 m situe en aval du lieu de prelevement. La survie, estimee d'apres la recuperation de smolts marques a l'embouchure du cours d'eau, differait d'une annee a l'autre (25,4 et 46,2%) et variait aussi selon les unites d'habitat et les troncons une meme annee. Le taux de survie etait au moins faiblement correle a la complexite des unites d'habitat, et etait fortement correle a la quantite de debris de bois et a la densite des unites d'habitat dans le troncon de 500 m, et avec la distance par rapport a l'estuaire. Etant donne que la distance variait avec la complexite de l'habitat, nous n'avons pas pu etablir quel facteur avait l'influence la plus forte sur la survie. De plus, les poissons de grande taille survivaient generalement en plus grande proportion que les individus de petite taille. Toutefois, les poissons marques au-dessus du lac William Symington etaient plus petits a l'automne mais plus grands au stade du smolt, et presentaient des taux de survie plus eleves, que ceux marques au-dessous du lac. Consideres ensemble, ces resultats revelent des relations complexes entre la taille, l'habitat et la croissance, relations qui peuvent affecter la survie hivernale. et les evenements subsequents du cycle biologique.

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