The effect of incorporating graphene oxide nanoparticles within self-etch adhesive on the antibacterial properties and shear bond strength

Objectives: This study assessed the antibacterial effect and the shear bond strength of self-etch adhesive after incorporating Graphene oxide nanoparticles. Materials and methods: Graphene oxide nanoparticles was synthetized and incorporated within a self-etch adhesive (Quadrant Uni-SE-Bond) with 0% control group (without Graphene) (group I), 2% (group II) and 5% (group III). The antibacterial effect was evaluated against S. Mutans using agar well diffusion method. 24 holes (n=8) with a diameter of 6-8 mm were performed and the inhibition zone was evaluated in millimeters after 24 hrs. For shear bond strength, 12 premolars were sectioned horizontally to expose dentin and to obtain 24 specimens for assessing the bond strength (n=8). Composite cylinders (2x2 mm) were bonded to the dentin and subjected to shear bond strength using universal testing machine. Results: The incorporation of Graphene oxide nanoparticles into self-etch adhesive showed a significantly dose-dependent antibacterial effect. On the other hand, the shear bond strength reported no significant difference between the three groups. Conclusion: Addition of Graphene oxide NP to self-etch adhesive produced an antibacterial effect without affecting the bond strength.

[1]  N. Aidaros,et al.  Effect of Incorporating Nano-Pearl and Nano-Seashell Particles into Fluoride-based Pits and Fissure Sealant on Enamel Remineralization of Permanent Extracted Molars: An In Vitro Study. , 2021, Advanced Dental Journal.

[2]  I. Farooq,et al.  Dentin Bond Integrity of Filled and Unfilled Resin Adhesive Enhanced with Silica Nanoparticles—An SEM, EDX, Micro-Raman, FTIR and Micro-Tensile Bond Strength Study , 2021, Polymers.

[3]  Abdul Manaf Abdullah,et al.  Mechanism and factors influence of graphene-based nanomaterials antimicrobial activities and application in dentistry , 2021 .

[4]  S. Ramakrishna,et al.  A review of dental composites: Challenges, chemistry aspects, filler influences, and future insights , 2021, Composites Part B: Engineering.

[5]  Fahim Vohra,et al.  Assessment of Hydroxyapatite Nanospheres Incorporated Dentin Adhesive. A SEM/EDX, Micro-Raman, Microtensile and Micro-Indentation Study , 2020, Coatings.

[6]  Muhammad Sohail Zafar,et al.  Dentin Bond Integrity of Hydroxyapatite Containing Resin Adhesive Enhanced with Graphene Oxide Nano-Particles—An SEM, EDX, Micro-Raman, and Microtensile Bond Strength Study , 2020, Polymers.

[7]  Fahim Vohra,et al.  Influence of graphene oxide filler content on the dentin bond integrity, degree of conversion and bond strength of experimental adhesive. A SEM, micro-Raman, FTIR and microtensile study , 2020, Materials Research Express.

[8]  Fahim Vohra,et al.  Graphene oxide nano-filler based experimental dentine adhesive. A SEM / EDX, Micro-Raman and microtensile bond strength analysis , 2020, Journal of applied biomaterials & functional materials.

[9]  Roopa R. Nadig,et al.  Comparison of the Antibacterial Efficiency of Herbal Extracts of Aloe Vera Leaves and Mushroom against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus: An In Vitro Study , 2020, International Journal of Experimental Dental Science.

[10]  E. Bekyarova,et al.  Antimicrobial Mechanisms and Effectiveness of Graphene and Graphene-Functionalized Biomaterials. A Scope Review , 2020, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.

[11]  Heba F. Mohammed,et al.  The effect of silver nanoparticles incorporation in the self-etch adhesive system on its antibacterial activity and degree of conversion: an in-vitro study , 2019, F1000Research.

[12]  Jing Chen,et al.  Graphene Family Nanomaterials: Properties and Potential Applications in Dentistry , 2018, International journal of biomaterials.

[13]  S. Mohanty,et al.  Comparison of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties in graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide filled epoxy nanocomposite adhesives , 2018 .

[14]  H. Kim,et al.  Nano-graphene oxide incorporated into PMMA resin to prevent microbial adhesion. , 2018, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[15]  M. S. Sarto,et al.  Graphene-based dental adhesive with anti-biofilm activity , 2017, Journal of Nanobiotechnology.

[16]  L. Bi,et al.  Biosafety and Antibacterial Ability of Graphene and Graphene Oxide In Vitro and In Vivo , 2017, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[17]  M. Balouiri,et al.  Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review☆ , 2015, Journal of pharmaceutical analysis.

[18]  K. Shinkai,et al.  The effect of multi-ion releasing filler contents on the dentin bond strength of an adhesive resin developed for direct pulp-capping. , 2015, Dental materials journal.

[19]  G. James,et al.  Silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans and their cytotoxic effect. , 2015, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[20]  Xiaodan Zhu,et al.  Killing dental pathogens using antibacterial graphene oxide. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[21]  Zhiping Xu,et al.  Wetting of graphene oxide: a molecular dynamics study. , 2014, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[22]  S. Prabhu,et al.  Silver nanoparticles: mechanism of antimicrobial action, synthesis, medical applications, and toxicity effects , 2012, International Nano Letters.

[23]  S. Kimyai,et al.  Effect of sodium hypochlorite on the shear bond strength of fifth- and seventh-generation adhesives to coronal dentin , 2011 .

[24]  Jing Kong,et al.  Antibacterial activity of graphite, graphite oxide, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide: membrane and oxidative stress. , 2011, ACS nano.

[25]  M. Ghannoum,et al.  Quality Control Guidelines for Amphotericin B, Itraconazole, Posaconazole, and Voriconazole Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Tests with Nonsupplemented Mueller-Hinton Agar (CLSI M51-A Document) for Nondermatophyte Filamentous Fungi , 2011, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[26]  Bart Van Meerbeek,et al.  Current concepts and techniques for caries excavation and adhesion to residual dentin. , 2011, The journal of adhesive dentistry.

[27]  S. Geraldeli,et al.  Adhesion to tooth structure: a critical review of "micro" bond strength test methods. , 2010, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[28]  Facundo Ruiz,et al.  Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans , 2009 .

[29]  S. Kalachandra.  Influence of fillers on the water sorption of composites. , 1989, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[30]  Yasuhiro Yoshida,et al.  From Buonocore's Pioneering Acid-Etch Technique to Self-Adhering Restoratives. A Status Perspective of Rapidly Advancing Dental Adhesive Technology. , 2020, The journal of adhesive dentistry.

[31]  F. Tay,et al.  Polymeric and inorganic nanoscopical antimicrobial fillers in dentistry. , 2019, Acta biomaterialia.

[32]  F. Tay,et al.  Dentin bonding systems: From dentin collagen structure to bond preservation and clinical applications. , 2018, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[33]  Huang Xiaokun,et al.  Graphene Oxide-Silica Composite Fillers into the Experimental Dental Adhesives for Potential Therapy , 2017 .