Endogenous Retroviruses and Multiple Sclerosis

Endogenous retroviruses are normal constituents in vertebrate genomes. They have been associated with various diseases of presumed autoimmune etiology. However, conclusive evidence of their significance as susceptibility factors in these diseases is still lacking. In our laboratory we have focused attention upon endogenous retroviruses as candidate genes in multiple sclerosis. In this communication we describe general properties of endogenous retroviruses and we present observations from some of our studies.

[1]  H. Rasmussen,et al.  A novel haplotype of the endogenous retrovirus, HRES-1, in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy individuals. , 1999, Autoimmunity.

[2]  H. Rasmussen,et al.  Large Number of Polymorphic Nucleotides and a Termination Codon in the env Gene of the Endogenous Human Retrovirus ERV3 , 2002, Disease markers.

[3]  P. A. Biro,et al.  Retroviral Superantigens and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus , 1998, Cell.

[4]  Timothy M. Rose,et al.  Type C Retrovirus Released from Porcine Primary Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infects Human Cells , 1998, Journal of Virology.

[5]  M. A. Kelly,et al.  Haplotypes of the endogenous retrovirus HRES-1 in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy control subjects of Shanghai Chinese origin. , 1998, Disease markers.

[6]  A. Andersson,et al.  Expression of human endogenous retrovirus ERV3 (HERV-R) mRNA in normal and neoplastic tissues. , 1998, International journal of oncology.

[7]  B. Conrad,et al.  A Human Endogenous Retroviral Superantigen as Candidate Autoimmune Gene in Type I Diabetes , 1997, Cell.

[8]  N. Day,et al.  Immunosuppressive retroviral peptides: Immunopathological implications for immunosuppressive influences of retroviral infections , 1997, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[9]  H. Hashimoto,et al.  Detection of antibodies to a recombinant gag protein derived from human endogenous retrovirus clone 4-1 in autoimmune diseases. , 1997, Viral immunology.

[10]  H. Rasmussen,et al.  Interactions between Exogenous and Endogenous Retroviruses. , 1997, Journal of biomedical science.

[11]  E. Larsson,et al.  The expression of human endogenous retrovirus-3 in fetal cardiac tissue and antibodies in congenital heart block. , 1996, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[12]  C. Geny,et al.  Expression of endogenous retroviruses in blood mononuclear‐ cells and brain tissue from multiple sclerosis patients * , 1997, Multiple sclerosis.

[13]  M. Minami,et al.  Expression of endogenous retroviruses, ERV3 and λ4–1, in synovial tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthritis , 1995, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[14]  D. Mager,et al.  Endogenous Human Retroviruses , 1994 .

[15]  J. Klein,et al.  Resolution of the HLA-DRB6 puzzle: a case of grafting a de novo-generated exon on an existing gene. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[16]  R. Weiss,et al.  The human endogenous retrovirus ERV-3 is upregulated in differentiating placental trophoblast cells. , 1993, Virology.

[17]  D. Altmann,et al.  T‐Cell Receptor Repertoire Selection by Mouse Mammary Tumor Viruses and MHC Molecules , 1993, Immunological reviews.

[18]  D. Mattson,et al.  Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-related endogenous sequence, HRES-1, encodes a 28-kDa protein: a possible autoantigen for HTLV-I gag-reactive autoantibodies. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  J.R. Harris.  The evolution of placental mammals , 1991, FEBS letters.

[20]  K. Shimotohno,et al.  Human proviral mRNAs down regulated in choriocarcinoma encode a zinc finger protein related to Krüppel , 1990, Molecular and cellular biology.

[21]  A. Perl,et al.  Detection and cloning of new HTLV-related endogenous sequences in man. , 1989, Nucleic acids research.

[22]  T. Miyata,et al.  Nucleotide sequence of human endogenous retrovirus genome related to the mouse mammary tumor virus genome , 1986, Journal of virology.

[23]  C. O'Connell,et al.  The nucleotide sequence of the env gene from the human provirus ERV3 and isolation and characterization of an ERV3-specific cDNA. , 1985, Virology.

[24]  C. Sherr,et al.  Baboons and their close relatives are unusual among primates in their ability to release nondefective endogenous type C viruses. , 1976, Virology.

[25]  V. Agol.  [Endogenous viruses]. , 1976, Uspekhi sovremennoi biologii.