Landmark-Based Morphometrics of the Normal Adult Brain Using MRI

We describe the application of statistical shape analysis to homologous landmarks on the cortical surface of the adult human brain. Statistical shape analysis has a sound theoretical basis. Landmarks are identified on the surface of a 3-D reconstruction of the segmented cortical surface from magnetic resonance image (MRI) data. Using publicly available software (morphologika) the location and size dependence of the landmarks are removed and the differences in landmark distribution across subjects are analysed using principal component analysis. These differences, representing shape differences between subjects, can be visually assessed using wireframe models and transformation grids. The MRI data of 58 adult brains (27 female and 15 left handed) were examined. Shape differences in the whole brain are described which concern the relative orientation of frontal lobe sulci. Analysis of all 116 hemispheres revealed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between left and right hemispheres. This finding was significant for right- but not left-handed subjects alone. No other significant age, gender, handedness, or brain-size correlations with shape differences were found.

[1]  P. O’Higgins.  The study of morphological variation in the hominid fossil record: biology, landmarks and geometry , 2000, Journal of anatomy.

[2]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  Statistical Sulcal Shape Comparisons: Application to the Detection of Genetic Encoding of the Central Sulcus Shape , 2000, NeuroImage.

[3]  K. Amunts,et al.  Interhemispheric asymmetry of the human motor cortex related to handedness and gender , 2000, Neuropsychologia.

[4]  Michel Desvignes,et al.  Detection and Statistical Analysis of Human Cortical Sulci , 1999, NeuroImage.

[5]  J. Ashburner,et al.  Voxel-by-Voxel Comparison of Automatically Segmented Cerebral Gray Matter—A Rater-Independent Comparison of Structural MRI in Patients with Epilepsy , 1999, NeuroImage.

[6]  D. V. von Cramon,et al.  Sulcal variability of twins. , 1999, Cerebral cortex.

[7]  S. Kiebel,et al.  Detecting Structural Changes in Whole Brain Based on Nonlinear Deformations—Application to Schizophrenia Research , 1999, NeuroImage.

[8]  F. Aboitiz,et al.  Hemispheric differences in variability of fissural patterns in parasylvian and cingulate regions of human brains , 1999, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[9]  F. Rohlf.  Shape Statistics: Procrustes Superimpositions and Tangent Spaces , 1999 .

[10]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  The neuroanatomy of autism: a voxel-based whole brain analysis of structural scans. , 1999, Neuroreport.

[11]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  Quantifying variability in the planum temporale: a probability map. , 1999, Cerebral cortex.

[12]  Fred L Bookstein,et al.  Landmark-based morphometric analysis of first-episode schizophrenia , 1999, Biological Psychiatry.

[13]  Fred L Bookstein,et al.  Three-dimensional magnetic resonance-based morphometrics and ventricular dysmorphology in schizophrenia , 1999, Biological Psychiatry.

[14]  H. Duvernoy.  The Human Brain , 1999, Springer Vienna.

[15]  J. Kaye,et al.  Brain volume preserved in healthy elderly through the eleventh decade , 1998, Neurology.

[16]  L Lemieux,et al.  Identifying homologous anatomical landmarks on reconstructed magnetic resonance images of the human cerebral cortical surface , 1998, Journal of anatomy.

[17]  C. Davatzikos,et al.  A probabilistic ribbon model for shape analysis of the cerebral sulci: application to the central sulcus. , 1998, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[18]  C Davatzikos,et al.  Sex differences in anatomic measures of interhemispheric connectivity: correlations with cognition in women but not men. , 1998, Cerebral cortex.

[19]  K. Mardia,et al.  Statistical Shape Analysis , 1998 .

[20]  A. Toga,et al.  Cortical variability and asymmetry in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. , 1998, Cerebral cortex.

[21]  P. O'higgins,et al.  Facial growth in Cercocebus torquatus: an application of three‐dimensional geometric morphometric techniques to the study of morphological variation , 1998, Journal of anatomy.

[22]  G. Pearlson,et al.  Structural evaluation of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. , 1998, The American journal of psychiatry.

[23]  N. Makris,et al.  Gyri of the human neocortex: an MRI-based analysis of volume and variance. , 1998, Cerebral cortex.

[24]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Identifying global anatomical differences: Deformation‐based morphometry , 1998 .

[25]  M S Gazzaniga,et al.  Individual variation of cortical surface area asymmetries. , 1998, Cerebral cortex.

[26]  J N Giedd,et al.  A magnetic resonance imaging study of planum temporale asymmetry in men with developmental dyslexia. , 1997, Archives of neurology.

[27]  C. Jack,et al.  Medial temporal atrophy on MRI in normal aging and very mild Alzheimer's disease , 1997, Neurology.

[28]  D. Head,et al.  Selective aging of the human cerebral cortex observed in vivo: differential vulnerability of the prefrontal gray matter. , 1997, Cerebral cortex.

[29]  Richard M. Leahy,et al.  Surface-based labeling of cortical anatomy using a deformable atlas , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[30]  L. White,et al.  Structure of the human sensorimotor system. II: Lateral symmetry. , 1997, Cerebral cortex.

[31]  I. H. Öğüş,et al.  NATO ASI Series , 1997 .

[32]  L. White,et al.  Structure of the human sensorimotor system. I: Morphology and cytoarchitecture of the central sulcus. , 1997, Cerebral cortex.

[33]  J. Staiger,et al.  Using High-resolution , 2022 .

[34]  Fred L. Bookstein,et al.  Shape and the information in medical images: a decade of the morphometric synthesis , 1997, Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis.

[35]  A. Schleicher,et al.  Structural Asymmetries in the Human Forebrain and the Forebrain of Non-human Primates and Rats , 1996, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[36]  A. Schleicher,et al.  Asymmetry in the Human Motor Cortex and Handedness , 1996, NeuroImage.

[37]  F. Aboitiz,et al.  Bifurcation patterns in the human sylvian fissure: hemispheric and sex differences. , 1996, Cerebral cortex.

[38]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  Interhemispheric anatomical differences in human primary auditory cortex: probabilistic mapping and volume measurement from magnetic resonance scans. , 1996, Cerebral cortex.

[39]  A. Toga,et al.  Three-Dimensional Statistical Analysis of Sulcal Variability in the Human Brain , 1996, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[40]  Sisodiya Sm.  Qualitative and quantitative analysis of MRI data from patients with epilepsy. , 1996 .

[41]  P. Good,et al.  Permutation Tests: A Practical Guide to Resampling Methods for Testing Hypotheses , 1995 .

[42]  D R Fish,et al.  Widespread cerebral structural changes in patients with cortical dysgenesis and epilepsy. , 1995, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[43]  D. Weinberger,et al.  Normal Asymmetry of the Planum Temporale in Patients with Schizophrenia , 1995, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[44]  Michael S. Gazzaniga,et al.  Surface Area of Human Cerebral Cortex and Its Gross Morphological Subdivisions: In Vivo Measurements in Monozygotic Twins Suggest Differential Hemisphere Effects of Genetic Factors , 1995, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[45]  D D Blatter,et al.  Quantitative volumetric analysis of brain MR: normative database spanning 5 decades of life. , 1995, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[46]  G. Schlaug,et al.  Asymmetry of the planum parietale. , 1994, Neuroreport.

[47]  S. F. Witelson,et al.  Sylvian fissure morphology and asymmetry in men and women: Bilateral differences in relation to handedness in men , 1992, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[48]  Kanti V. Mardia,et al.  A geometrical derivation of the shape density , 1991, Advances in Applied Probability.

[49]  P. Barta,et al.  Superior temporal gyrus volume in schizophrenia , 1990, Schizophrenia Research.

[50]  Fred L. Bookstein,et al.  Principal Warps: Thin-Plate Splines and the Decomposition of Deformations , 1989, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[51]  L. J. Chapman,et al.  The measurement of handedness , 1987, Brain and Cognition.

[52]  D. Kendall.  SHAPE MANIFOLDS, PROCRUSTEAN METRICS, AND COMPLEX PROJECTIVE SPACES , 1984 .

[53]  M. LeMay,et al.  Computed tomographic localization of the precentral gyrus. , 1980, Radiology.