Modeling and Control of Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys (FSMA) Actuators

FSMAs like Ni-Mn-Ga have attracted significant attention over the last few years. As actuators, these materials offer high energy density, large stroke, and high bandwidth. These properties make FSMAs potential candidates for the new generation of actuators. The preliminary dynamic characterization of Ni-Mn-Ga illustrates evident nonlinear behaviors including hysteresis, saturation, first cycle effects, and dead zone. In order to control precisely the position output, a dynamic model is presented for a Ni-Mn-Ga actuator. The actuator model consists of the dynamics of the actuator, kinematics of the actuator, constitutive model of the material, and reorientation kinetics. Simulations results are presented to demonstrate the dynamic behavior of the actuator. Then, a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control algorithm is developed based on the simulation model. The simulation results of step response reveal that the controllable position is between the residual displacement and the maximum stroke. This range is determined by the properties of materials and the stiffness of the spring. The tracking are achieved with the PID controller when the reference are with the valid range.Copyright © 2006 by ASME

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