A flexible time-triggered service for real-time CORBA

This paper presents a new service for CORBA applications that orchestrates the timely execution of the tasks of a distributed real-time system in a flexible way. It follows the CORBA philosophy of complementing the CORBA standard with additional services that solve specific problems and facilitate using CORBA in complex applications. The service has been designed for highly coupled applications that execute over LANs. It provides a synchronous framework to synchronize distributed applications that is open to accepting and removing components on-line, with reduced impact on the application timing. It also provides the flexibility to use different distributed scheduling policies that can override the local operating systems schedulers. This paper describes the service architecture and implementation as well as its best-case performance on low computing power hardware with the QNX OS and connected to a switched Ethernet network. Finally the usage and of the service is illustrated with one case study: the synchronization of several robots in a welding process.

[1]  Davide Adami,et al.  e-Infrastructure for Remote Instrumentation , 2012, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[2]  Giorgio C. Buttazzo,et al.  HARD REAL-TIME COMPUTING SYSTEMS Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications , 2007 .

[3]  Asier Zubizarreta,et al.  Using a CORBA synchronous scheduling service in Pick&Place operations , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation.

[4]  Luís Almeida,et al.  A Model for System Resources in Flexible Time-Triggered Middleware Architectures , 2012, EUNICE.

[5]  Louise E. Moser,et al.  Resource management using multiple feedback loops in soft real-time distributed object systems , 2008, J. Syst. Softw..

[6]  Luigi Carro,et al.  DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS: RECENT ADVANCES, FUTURE TRENDS AND THEIR IMPACT ON MANUFACTURING PLANT CONTROL , 2006 .

[7]  José Alberto Fonseca,et al.  Online QoS Adaptation with the Flexible Time-Triggered (FTT) Communication Paradigm , 2007, Handbook of Real-Time and Embedded Systems.

[8]  Luis Almeida,et al.  Using a planning scheduler to improve the flexibility of real-time fieldbus networks , 1999 .

[9]  Layuan Li,et al.  Utility-based scheduling for grid computing under constraints of energy budget and deadline , 2009, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[10]  Sergio Andreozzi,et al.  GridICE: a monitoring service for Grid systems , 2005, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[11]  Germán Madinabeitia,et al.  Experiences applying RM-ODP principles and techniques to intelligent transportation system architectures , 2013, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[12]  K. H. Kim,et al.  Object-oriented real-time distributed programming and support middleware , 2000, Proceedings Seventh International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (Cat. No.PR00568).

[13]  Sergio L. Toral Marín,et al.  Analysis of embedded CORBA middleware performance on urban distributed transportation equipments , 2013, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[14]  Douglas C. Schmidt,et al.  The Design and Performance of a Real-Time CORBA Scheduling Service , 2001, Real-Time Systems.

[15]  Hctor Prez Tijero,et al.  On the schedulability of a data-centric real-time distribution middleware , 2012 .

[16]  José M. Troya,et al.  Designing distributed software with RT-CORBA and SDL , 2009, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[17]  Michi Henning,et al.  A new approach to object-oriented middleware , 2004, IEEE Internet Computing.

[18]  Ruay-Shiung Chang,et al.  A new mechanism for resource monitoring in Grid computing , 2009, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[19]  Christopher D. Gill,et al.  Integrated CORBA scheduling and resource management for distributed real-time embedded systems , 2005, 11th IEEE Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium.

[20]  Chenyang Lu,et al.  Configurable Middleware for Distributed Real-Time Systems with Aperiodic and Periodic Tasks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[21]  Hermann Kopetz,et al.  Event-Triggered Versus Time-Triggered Real-Time Systems , 1991, Operating Systems of the 90s and Beyond.

[22]  Chenyang Lu,et al.  FCS/nORB: A feedback control real-time scheduling service for embedded ORB middleware , 2008, Microprocess. Microsystems.

[23]  Wilfried Elmenreich,et al.  A standard for real-time smart transducer interface , 2006, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[24]  Julian Proenza,et al.  Combining operational flexibility and dependability in FTT-CAN , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[25]  Douglas C. Schmidt,et al.  R&D Advances in Middleware for Distributed Real-time and Embedded Systems , 2002 .

[26]  Luís Almeida,et al.  A Novel Synchronous Scheduling Service for CORBA-RT Applications , 2007, 10th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC'07).

[27]  Luís Almeida,et al.  Adding Synchronous Scheduling to CORBA-RT , 2006, 2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation.

[28]  Michele Amoretti,et al.  Architectural paradigms for robotics applications , 2010, Adv. Eng. Informatics.

[29]  G. Sudha Sadasivam,et al.  A Novel Real Time Scheduling Frame-work for CORBA-Based Applications , 2006, J. Object Technol..

[30]  Petru Eles,et al.  Schedulability analysis for distributed heterogeneous time/event triggered real-time systems , 2003, 15th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, 2003. Proceedings..

[31]  José Alberto Fonseca,et al.  The FTT-CAN protocol: why and how , 2002, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[32]  Douglas C. Schmidt,et al.  Patterns and performance of distributed real-time and embedded publisher/subscriber architectures , 2003, J. Syst. Softw..

[33]  Jean-Pierre Thomesse,et al.  Fieldbus Technology in Industrial Automation , 2005, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[34]  Giorgio C. Buttazzo,et al.  Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications (Real-Time Systems Series) , 2010 .

[35]  Hossein Saiedian,et al.  Performance evaluation of eventing web services in real-time applications , 2008, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[36]  Gautam H. Thaker,et al.  Middleware Support for Aperiodic Tasks in Distributed Real-Time Systems , 2007, 13th IEEE Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS'07).

[37]  Stefan Lankes,et al.  A time-triggered Ethernet protocol for Real-Time CORBA , 2002, Proceedings Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing. ISIRC 2002.

[38]  I. Calvo,et al.  FTT-Modeler: A support tool for FTT-CORBA , 2012, 7th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI 2012).

[39]  Wilfried Elmenreich Time-triggered smart transducer networks , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[40]  K. H. Kim,et al.  TMOES: a CORBA service middleware enabling high-level real-time object programming , 2001, Proceedings 5th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems.

[41]  Marisol García-Valls,et al.  A Synchronous Scheduling Service for Distributed Real-Time Java , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[42]  Franco Cicirelli,et al.  MADAMS: A software architecture for the management of networked measurement services , 2006, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[43]  Marga Marcos,et al.  Supporting a reconfigurable real-time service-oriented middleware with FTT-CORBA , 2010, 2010 IEEE 15th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2010).

[44]  Tommaso Cucinotta,et al.  A Real-Time Service-Oriented Architecture for Industrial Automation , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[45]  Richard Zurawski,et al.  The Industrial Information Technology Handbook , 2004, The Industrial Information Technology Handbook.