Abstract Ayurvedic system of medicine is one of the oldest systems of Indian traditional medicine. In this system, various medicines are based on metal–mineral formulation popularly known as Bhasma. There are different types of Bhasma which are fabricated using traditional methods of Ayurveda, called Bhasmikaran. In the herbo-metallic preparations, the particles used have a diameter of about 10–15 nm. Bhasma is now been considered Ayurvedic nanomedicine and provides opportunity for drug designing employing modern concept of nanomedicine. In this chapter, we aimed to provide an updated review on scientific literature on the types of Bhasma and their potential therapeutic efficacy along with metal nanoparticle detected in various types of Bhasma. A brief account on effect of herbal constituent on overall characteristic of Bhasma has been also discussed in the light of recent scientific evidences.