Genetic diversity of six populations of red hybrid tilapia, using microsatellites genetic markers

Objective. To determine and evaluate the genetic diversity of six populations of red hybrid tilapia, with the purpose to assess the potential benefit of a future breeding program conducted at the Research Center for Aquaculture (Ceniacua), Colombia. Material and methods. A total of 300 individuals, representing a wide genetic variability, were genotyped using a fluorescent microsatellite marker set of 5 gene-based SSRs in 6 different farms belonging to 4 States of Colombia. Results. The result showed that the mean number of alleles per locus per population was 8.367. The population 5 had the highest mean number of alleles with 9.6 alleles, followed by population 4 with 9.4 alleles, population 2 with 9.2, population 3 with 8.0, population 1 with 7.2 and population 6 with 6.8 alleles. The analysis of the distribution of genetic variation was (17.32%) among population, while among individuals within populations was (28.55%) and within individuals was high (54.12%). The standard diversity indices showed that population 4 was the more variable (mean He=0.837) followed by population 1 (mean He=0.728), population 3 (mean He=0.721), population 5 (mean He=0.705), population 2 (mean He=0.690), population 6 (mean He=0.586). Highly significant deviations from Hardy?Weinberg, exhibited all of the populations, mostly due to deficits of heterozygotes. Genotype frequencies at loci UNH 106 of population 5 and loci UNH 172 of population 6 were Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Conclusions. The results of this study, contribute to the genetic breeding program of Tilapia, conduced by the Research Center for Aquaculture. The Fst distance showed that the samples are differentiated genetically and it is possible to use at the beginning of the genetic program. However, it is recommended to introduce others individuals to the crossbreeding program.

[1]  M. A. Olvera‐Novoa,et al.  Comparison of growth, fillet yield and proximate composition between Stirling Nile tilapia (wild type) (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus) and red hybrid tilapia (Florida red tilapia×Stirling red O. niloticus) males , 2003 .

[2]  M. Nei,et al.  MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. , 2007, Molecular biology and evolution.

[3]  R. Yang,et al.  POPGENE Version 1.32 Microsoft Windows-based freeware for populations genetic analysis. University of Alberta, Edmonton , 1999 .

[4]  N. Taniguchi,et al.  Genetic diversity in farmed Asian Nile and red hybrid tilapia stocks evaluated from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analysis , 2004 .

[5]  G. Mair,et al.  Biodiversity in aquatic systems in relation to aquaculture , 1997 .

[6]  P. Chomczyński,et al.  Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. , 1987, Analytical biochemistry.

[7]  D. Penman.  Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology: Genetic Approaches , 2004 .

[8]  Edgar de Alencar Teixeira,et al.  Caracterização genética de seis plantéis comerciais de tilápia (Oreochromis) utilizando marcadores microssatélites , 2006 .

[9]  D. Fraser,et al.  The nature of fisheries‐ and farming‐induced evolution , 2008, Molecular ecology.

[10]  Rong‐Cai Yang,et al.  PopGene32, Microsoft windows-based freeware for population genetic analysis. Version 1.32 , 2000 .

[11]  Alexandre Wagner Silva Hilsdorf,et al.  Variabilidade genética de duas variedades de tilápia nilótica por meio de marcadores microssatélites , 2007 .

[12]  Genetic characterization of four strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) using microsatellite markers. , 2004, Animal genetics.

[13]  R. Dunham.  Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology: Genetic Approaches , 2004 .

[14]  Thomas Hill.  Statistics: Methods and Applications , 2005 .

[15]  D. Chistiakov,et al.  Microsatellites and their genomic distribution, evolution, function and applications : A review with special reference to fish genetics , 2006 .

[16]  S. Schneider.  Arlequin ver.1.1:a software for population genetic data analysis. , 1997 .

[17]  T. Cross.  Genetic implications of translocation and stocking of fish species, with particular reference to Western Australia , 2000 .

[18]  P. Chomczyński,et al.  The single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate–phenol–chloroform extraction: twenty-something years on , 2006, Nature Protocols.

[19]  J. Komen,et al.  Microsatellites within genes and ESTs of common carp and their applicability in silver crucian carp , 2004 .

[20]  John Ignatius Griffin,et al.  Statistics; methods and applications , 1963 .

[21]  C. Burridge,et al.  Genetic diversity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in Vietnam using four microsatellite loci , 2007 .

[22]  T. Kocher.  Adaptive evolution and explosive speciation: the cichlid fish model , 2004, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[23]  J. F. Cordes,et al.  DNA marker technologies and their applications in aquaculture genetics. , 2004 .

[24]  G. Davis,et al.  Integrating molecular genetic technology with traditional approaches for genetic improvement in aquaculture species , 2000 .