Transport of microorganisms through soil

Microorganisms migrating into and through soil from sources on the land surface may cause a serious threat to both ground and surface waters. It has been estimated that microorganisms can migrate significant distances in the field. Results from various studies suggested that preferential flow through macropores, worm holes, cracks, and fractures is the main reason for such observations. However, a quantitative representation of this phenomenon has not been provided. Microorganisms migrate through soil by advection and dispersion, while being subjected to effects of filtration, adsorption, desorption, growth, decay, sedimentation and chemotaxis. Both laboratory and field investigations have contributed important information on bacterial movement in soils. Qualitative comparisons are generally transferable from laboratory to field situations. Quantitative agreement is much more difficult to establish. Available mathematical modelling of microbial transport is limited in practical application because of the simplifying assumptions used in its development.

[1]  C. Gerba,et al.  Viruses in groundwater , 1980 .

[2]  R. Wagenet,et al.  Bacterial transport through homogeneous soil , 1991 .

[3]  Min Chen.  Pollution of ground water by nutrients and fecal coliforms from lakeshore septic tank systems , 1988 .

[4]  Asaf Pekdeger,et al.  Persistence and transport of bacteria and viruses in groundwater — a conceptual evaluation , 1988 .

[5]  L. M. McDowell-Boyer,et al.  Particle transport through porous media , 1986 .

[6]  U. S. Tim,et al.  Model for Predicting Virus Movement Through Soils , 1991 .

[7]  M. Alexander,et al.  Relationship between Cell Surface Properties and Transport of Bacteria through Soil , 1991, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[8]  Dan B. Jaynes,et al.  Preferential flow of solutes and herbicide under irrigated fields , 1991 .

[9]  G. W. Thomas,et al.  Transport of Escherichia coli through intact and disturbed soil columns , 1985 .

[10]  M. Wood,et al.  Movement of cattle slurry through soil by Eisenia foetida (Savigny) , 1987 .

[11]  C. Hagedorn,et al.  The Potential for Ground Water Contamination from Septic Effluents , 1981 .

[12]  G. Hornberger,et al.  Physical and chemical factors influencing transport of microorganisms through porous media , 1991, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[13]  P. Sharma,et al.  Mechanisms of microbial movement in subsurface materials , 1989, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[14]  R. Harvey.  Considerations for modeling transport of bacteria in contamined aquifers , 1989 .

[15]  C. Hagedorn,et al.  Quantitatively tracing bacterial transport in saturated soil systems , 1979 .

[16]  C. Gerba,et al.  The Use of Microorganisms as Ground‐Water Tracers: A Review , 1982 .

[17]  Charles R. O'Melia,et al.  Water and waste water filtration. Concepts and applications , 1971 .

[18]  Edmondo Canelli,et al.  水および廃水中の塩化物,亜硝酸塩,硝酸塩,アンモニアの同時自動測定法(Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,5,1976) , 1977 .

[19]  J. Trevors,et al.  Transport of a genetically engineered Pseudomonas fluorescens strain through a soil microcosm , 1990, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[20]  G. Craun.  Waterborne Disease — A Status Report Emphasizing Outbreaks in Ground-Water Systemsa , 1979 .

[21]  M. McInerney,et al.  Microbial Penetration through Nutrient-Saturated Berea Sandstone , 1985, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[22]  M. R. Overcash,et al.  Transport of potential pollutants in runoff water from land areas receiving animal wastes: A review , 1980 .

[23]  W. Jury,et al.  A laboratory study of the dispersion scale effect in column outflow experiments , 1990 .

[24]  Á. Zsolnay.  The use of small columns to estimate the effect of soil structure on transport , 1991 .

[25]  C. Gerba,et al.  Poliovirus removal from primary and secondary sewage effluent by soil filtration , 1978, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[26]  H. W. Wolf,et al.  The Movement of Fecal Coliforms and Coliphages below Septic Lines 1 , 1979 .

[27]  W. Verstraete,et al.  Water-facilitated transport of bacteria in unsaturated soil columns: Influence of cell surface hydrophobicity and soil properties , 1993 .

[28]  J. R. Miner,et al.  Bacterial Pollution from Agricultural Sources: A Review , 1983 .

[29]  J. Cherry,et al.  Transport of organic contaminants in groundwater. , 1985, Environmental science & technology.

[30]  D. McLean,et al.  A study of contamination of suspended stream sediments with Escherichia coli , 1989 .

[31]  Warren W. Wood,et al.  Use of Baker's Yeast to Trace Microbial Movement in Ground Water , 1978 .

[32]  Stephen P. Garabedian,et al.  Use of colloid filtration theory in modeling movement of bacteria through a contaminated sandy aquifer , 1991 .

[33]  M. Yavuz Corapcioglu,et al.  Transport and fate of microorganisms in porous media: A theoretical investigation , 1984 .

[34]  Rameshwar S. Kanwar,et al.  Quantifying preferential flow to a tile line with tracers , 1988 .

[35]  K. Beven,et al.  Macropores and water flow in soils , 1982 .

[36]  J. Schnoor,et al.  Microbial transformations of substituted benzenes during infiltration of river water to groundwater: Laboratory column studies , 1985 .

[37]  W. G. Characklis,et al.  Modeling Microbial Transport in Porous Media , 1988 .

[38]  J. Craven,et al.  Persistence and distribution of pollution indicator bacteria on land used for disposal of piggery effluent , 1981, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[39]  A. Pekdeger,et al.  Factors of bacteria and virus transport in groundwater , 1983 .

[40]  C. Gerba,et al.  Modeling virus survival and transport in the subsurface , 1987 .

[41]  H. V. Gelder.  The Netherlands , 2004, Constitutions of Europe (2 vols.).

[42]  D. Wheeler,et al.  Bacteriophage tracer experiments in groundwater. , 1988, The Journal of applied bacteriology.

[43]  C. J. Hurst,et al.  Modeling The Environmental Fate of Microorganisms , 1991 .

[44]  G. Bitton,et al.  On the value of soil columns for assessing the transport pattern of viruses through soils: A critical outlook , 1979 .

[45]  R. Ward,et al.  Development of a bacterial transport model for coarse soils , 1989 .

[46]  W. Burge,et al.  Virus Adsorption by Five Soils , 1978 .

[47]  C. Gerba,et al.  Health aspects of groundwater pollution. , 1994 .

[48]  W. Verstraete,et al.  Water-facilitated transport of bacteria in unsaturated soil columns: influence of inoculation and irrigation methods. , 1993 .

[49]  W. Weber.  Physicochemical processes for water quality control , 1972 .

[50]  F. M. Wellings,et al.  Demonstration of Virus in Groundwater after Effluent Discharge onto Soil , 1975, Applied microbiology.

[51]  M. Alexander,et al.  Inoculum size as a factor limiting success of inoculation for biodegradation , 1990, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[52]  R. E. White,et al.  The Influence of Macropores on the Transport of Dissolved and Suspended Matter Through Soil , 1985 .

[53]  R. E. Phillips,et al.  Consequences of Water Movement in Macropores 1 , 1979 .

[54]  A. G. Wollum,et al.  Transport of Microorganisms in Sand Columns , 1978 .

[55]  Richard L. Smith,et al.  Transport of microspheres and indigenous bacteria through a sandy aquifer: Results of natural- and forced-gradient tracer experiments , 1989 .

[56]  T. Viraraghavan.  Travel of microorganisms from a septic tile , 1978, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution.

[57]  Charles P. Gerba,et al.  Microbial pollutants: their survival and transport pattern to groundwater. , 1994 .

[58]  C. Gerba,et al.  Virus movement in soil during saturated and unsaturated flow , 1984, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[59]  P. Baveye,et al.  Effect of sodium chloride on transport of bacteria in a saturated aquifer material , 1991, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[60]  A. Pekdeger,et al.  Concepts of a survival and transport model of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in groundwater , 1981 .

[61]  G. Hornberger,et al.  The influence of mineralogy and solution chemistry on the attachment of bacteria to representative aquifer materials , 1990 .

[62]  H. Berg.  Chemotaxis in bacteria. , 1975, Annual review of biophysics and bioengineering.