A FORMAL REPRESENTATION OF MECHANICAL FUNCTIONS TO SUPPORT PHYSICS-BASED COMPUTATIONAL REASONING IN EARLY MECHANICAL DESIGN

.............................................................................................................................. ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgement .............................................................................................................. v List of Figures ................................................................................................................... xv List of Tables ................................................................................................................... xxi List of Model States ........................................................................................................ xxv List of Algorithms .......................................................................................................... xxvi Intentionally Left Blank ................................................................................................ xxvii Chapter 1. Research Overview ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Motivation: Why Create Physics-Based Function Models? ................................ 1 1.2 Core Concepts and Definitions ............................................................................ 4 1.2.1 Representation............................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Formal Representation .................................................................................. 5 1.2.3 Model ............................................................................................................ 5 1.2.4 Modeling ....................................................................................................... 6 1.2.5 Reasoning ...................................................................................................... 7 1.2.6 Flow and Flow Noun .................................................................................... 7 1.2.7 Function and Function Verb ......................................................................... 9

[1]  Tetsuo Tomiyama,et al.  A review of function modeling: Approaches and applications , 2008, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[2]  H. Simon,et al.  Models of Thought , 1979 .

[3]  Anne M. Keuneke,et al.  Device representation-the significance of functional knowledge , 1991, IEEE Expert.

[4]  Pieter E. Vermaas,et al.  Functional Decomposition in Engineering: A Survey , 2007 .

[5]  Hans Reichenbach,et al.  Elements of symbolic logic , 1948 .

[6]  Alaa A. Kharbouch,et al.  Three models for the description of language , 1956, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[7]  Udo Kannengiesser,et al.  Towards a Situated Function-Behaviour-Structure Framework as the Basis of a Theory of Designing , 2001 .

[8]  Riichiro Mizoguchi,et al.  Ontology-based description of functional design knowledge and its use in a functional way server , 2003, Expert Syst. Appl..

[9]  Yasushi Umeda,et al.  FBS Modeling : Modeling Scheme of Function for Conceptual Design , 2003 .

[10]  Richard M. Jones Introduction to MFC Programming with Visual C , 2000 .

[11]  Robert Stone,et al.  Concept Generation Algorithms for Repository-Based Early Design , 2006 .

[12]  Robert Stone,et al.  Capturing Empirically Derived Design Knowledge for Creating Conceptual Design Configurations , 2005 .

[13]  Joshua D. Summers,et al.  Limitations to Function Structures: A Case Study in Morphing Airfoil Design , 2010 .

[14]  Georges M. Fadel,et al.  Comparing Function and Affordance as Bases for Design , 2002 .

[15]  Thomas R. Gruber,et al.  A translation approach to portable ontology specifications , 1993, Knowl. Acquis..

[16]  Pascal Lienhardt,et al.  Topological models for boundary representation: a comparison with n-dimensional generalized maps , 1991, Comput. Aided Des..

[17]  Kristin L. Wood,et al.  THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF FUNCTIONAL MODELING: PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES , 2000 .

[18]  William C. Regli,et al.  A Survey of Design Rationale Systems: Approaches, Representation, Capture and Retrieval , 2000, Engineering with Computers.

[19]  Daniel A. McAdams,et al.  DERIVING A COMPONENT BASIS FOR COMPUTATIONAL FUNCTIONAL SYNTHESIS , 2005 .

[20]  John S. Gero,et al.  The Situated Function - Behaviour - Structure Framework , 2002, AID.

[21]  Joshua D. Summers,et al.  AN ALGORITHM FOR ASSESSING DESIGN COMPLEXITY THROUGH A CONNECTIVITY VIEW , 2008 .

[22]  Pieter E. Vermaas,et al.  The Functional Modelling Account of Stone and Wood: Some Critical Remarks , 2007 .

[23]  Alex H. B. Duffy,et al.  Towards an ontology of generic engineering design activities , 2003 .

[24]  Richard Fikes,et al.  CFRL: A Language for Specifying the Causal Functionality of Engineered Devices , 1993, AAAI.

[25]  Christiaan J. J. Paredis,et al.  Integrating Models and Simulations of Continuous Dynamics Into SysML , 2012, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[26]  Jearl D. Walker Fundamentals of Physics Extended, 9th ed. , 2010 .

[27]  Joshua D. Summers,et al.  A protocol to formalise function verbs to support conservation-based model checking , 2011 .

[28]  Siva Rama Krishna Chavali,et al.  A case study investigating rule based design in an industrial setting , 2007 .

[29]  Pieter E. Vermaas,et al.  John Gero’s Function-Behaviour-Structure model of designing: a critical analysis , 2005 .

[30]  D. Griffiths Introduction to Electrodynamics , 2017 .

[31]  Yarden Katz,et al.  Pellet: A practical OWL-DL reasoner , 2007, J. Web Semant..

[32]  Srinivasan Anandan,et al.  Similarity Metrics Applied to Graph Based Design Model Authoring , 2006 .

[33]  Ashok K. Goel,et al.  Innovation in Analogical Design: A Model-Based Approach , 1994 .

[34]  Michael A. Harrison,et al.  Introduction to formal language theory , 1978 .

[35]  Karl T. Ulrich,et al.  Product Design and Development , 1995 .

[36]  Robert Stone,et al.  A Validation Study of an Automated Concept Generator Design Tool , 2006 .

[37]  Jami J. Shah,et al.  Representation in Engineering Design: A Framework for Classification , 2004 .

[38]  Timothy W. Simpson,et al.  Introduction of a Data Schema: The Inner Workings of a Design Repository , 2006 .

[39]  Daniel G. Bobrow,et al.  Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems: An Introduction , 1984, Artif. Intell..

[40]  Jami J. Shah,et al.  Analysis of design abstraction, representation and inferencing requirements for computer-aided design , 1989 .

[41]  Kristin L. Wood,et al.  A Quantitative Similarity Metric for Design-by-Analogy , 2002 .

[42]  Bruce G. Baumgart Winged edge polyhedron representation. , 1972 .

[43]  Gregory M. Mocko,et al.  Towards Rules for Functional Composition , 2008, DAC 2008.

[44]  Georges M. Fadel,et al.  Classifying Functions for Mechanical Design , 1998 .

[45]  Joshua D. Summers,et al.  An empirical study of the expressiveness of the functional basis , 2010, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[46]  John S. Gero,et al.  Design Prototypes: A Knowledge Representation Schema for Design , 1990, AI Mag..

[47]  Allen Newell,et al.  A Model for Functional Reasoning in Design , 1971, IJCAI.

[48]  Joshua D. Summers,et al.  EXPLORING POTENTIALS FOR CONSERVATIONAL REASONING USING TOPOLOGIC RULES OF FUNCTION STRUCTURE GRAPHS , 2011 .

[49]  J. Brown,et al.  A FRAMEWORK FOR A QUALITATIVE PHYSICS , 2022 .

[50]  Irem Y. Tumer,et al.  Linking product functionality to historic failures to improve failure analysis in design , 2005 .

[51]  Diego Calvanese,et al.  The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation, and Applications , 2003, Description Logic Handbook.

[52]  Tetsuo Tomiyama,et al.  Functional Reasoning in Design , 1997, IEEE Expert.

[53]  Kristin L. Wood,et al.  Development of a Functional Basis for Design , 2000 .

[54]  Tetsuo Tomiyama,et al.  Development of design methodology for upgradable products based on function–behavior–state modeling , 2005, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[55]  Rudolf Koller,et al.  Konstruktionslehre für den Maschinenbau , 1985 .

[56]  Jonathan Corney,et al.  3D Modeling with ACIS , 2002 .

[57]  Steven J. Fenves,et al.  A core product model for representing design information , 2001 .

[58]  Franz Baader,et al.  A Formal Definition for the Expressive Power of Terminological Knowledge Representation Languages , 1996, J. Log. Comput..

[59]  Kevin Otto,et al.  Product Design: Techniques in Reverse Engineering and New Product Development , 2000 .

[60]  David Craig,et al.  The importance of drawing in the mechanical design process , 1990, Comput. Graph..

[61]  Amaresh Chakrabarti,et al.  A scheme for functional reasoning in conceptual design , 2001 .

[62]  Albert Albers,et al.  Principles for design on the abstract level of the contact and channel model C&CM , 2004 .

[63]  Irem Y. Tumer,et al.  A Graph-Based Fault Identification and Propagation Framework for Functional Design of Complex Systems , 2008 .

[64]  Amaresh Chakrabarti,et al.  An approach to functional synthesis of mechanical design Concepts: Theory, applications, and emerging research issues , 1996, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[65]  Joshua D. Summers,et al.  Using Rule Based Design in Engineer to Order Industry: An SME Case Study , 2008 .

[66]  Thomas G. Dietterich,et al.  A model of the mechanical design process based on empirical data , 1988, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[67]  Ashok K. Goel,et al.  A Functional Theory of Design Patterns , 1997, IJCAI.

[68]  L Nagel Robert,et al.  A Representation of Carrier Flows for Functional Design , 2007 .

[69]  Riichiro Mizoguchi,et al.  Deployment of an ontological framework of functional design knowledge , 2004, Adv. Eng. Informatics.

[70]  Andre B. Bondi,et al.  Characteristics of scalability and their impact on performance , 2000, WOSP '00.

[71]  Richard Phillips Feynman,et al.  Six Not-So-Easy Pieces: Einstein's Relativity, Symmetry, and Space-Time , 1997 .

[72]  Joshua D. Summers,et al.  Information Generation in the Design Process , 2009 .

[73]  Amaresh Chakrabarti,et al.  An approach to functional synthesis of solutions in mechanical conceptual design. Part I: Introduction and knowledge representation , 1994 .

[74]  Kristin L. Wood,et al.  FUNCTIONAL MODELING EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES , 2001 .

[75]  Simon Szykman,et al.  Enhancing Virtual Product Representations for Advanced Design Repository Systems , 2005, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[76]  B. Chandrasekaran,et al.  Function in Device Representation , 2000, Engineering with Computers.

[77]  Ram D. Sriram,et al.  The Representation of Function in Computer-Based Design , 1999 .

[78]  Irem Y. Tumer,et al.  Failure Mode Identification Through Clustering Analysis , 2004 .

[79]  Mitsuru Ikeda,et al.  FBRL: A Function and Behavior Representation Language , 1995, IJCAI.

[80]  Irem Y. Tumer,et al.  Analytical Method to Evaluate Failure Potential During High-Risk Component Development , 2001 .

[81]  Jami J. Shah,et al.  2nd-CAD: A Tool for Conceptual Systems Design in Electromechanical Domain , 2004, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[82]  Matthew I. Campbell,et al.  Automating the conceptual design process: “From black box to component selection” , 2010, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[83]  B. Chandrasekaran,et al.  Design Problem Solving: A Task Analysis , 1990, AI Mag..

[84]  Richard Fikes,et al.  How Things are Intended to Work: Capturing Functional Knowledge in Device Design , 1993, IJCAI.

[85]  S. C. Kleene,et al.  Introduction to Metamathematics , 1952 .

[86]  Joshua D. Summers,et al.  COMPLEXITY AS A SURROGATE MAPPING BETWEEN FUNCTION MODELS AND MARKET VALUE , 2011 .

[87]  E. Villaseñor Introduction to Quantum Mechanics , 2008, Nature.

[88]  Georges M. Fadel,et al.  Empirical Examination of the Functional Basis and Design Repository , 2008 .

[89]  Gregory M. Mocko,et al.  Validation of Function Pruning Rules Through Similarity at Three Levels of Abstraction , 2012 .

[90]  John R. Dixon,et al.  A review of research in mechanical engineering design. Part II: Representations, analysis, and design for the life cycle , 1989 .

[91]  Irem Y. Tumer,et al.  A FRAMEWORK FOR CREATING A FUNCTION-BASED DESIGN TOOL FOR FAILURE MODE IDENTIFICATION , 2002 .

[92]  Christiaan J. J. Paredis,et al.  Execution of UMLState Machines Using Modelica , 2010, EOOLT.

[93]  Joshua D. Summers,et al.  Simulation Studies on the Influence of Obstacle on Rolling Lunar Wheel , 2010 .

[94]  Karlheinz Roth,et al.  Konstruieren Mit Konstruktionskatalogen , 1994 .

[95]  Gregory M. Mocko,et al.  A User Study to Evaluate the Function Model and Function Interaction Model for Concept Generation , 2011 .

[96]  Clive L. Dym,et al.  Representing designed artifacts: The languages of engineering design , 1994 .

[97]  Clive L. Dym,et al.  Engineering Design: A Synthesis of Views , 1994 .

[98]  Karthik Ramani,et al.  Three-dimensional shape searching: state-of-the-art review and future trends , 2005, Comput. Aided Des..

[99]  Alfred Tarski,et al.  Introduction to Logic and to the Methodology of Deductive Sciences , 1943 .

[100]  Kristin L. Wood,et al.  Experimental studies assessing the repeatability of a functional modeling derivation method , 2003 .

[101]  Robert Lewis Nagel A design framework for identifying automation opportunities , 2010 .

[102]  Marvin Minsky,et al.  Matter, Mind and Models , 1965 .

[103]  Ashok K. Goel,et al.  Use of design patterns in analogy-based design , 2004, Adv. Eng. Informatics.

[104]  Balakrishnan Chandrasekaran,et al.  Representing Function as Effect , 1997 .

[105]  Jonathan Cagan,et al.  A Framework for Computational Design Synthesis: Model and Applications , 2005, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[106]  Michael J. Pratt,et al.  Introduction to ISO 10303 - the STEP Standard for Product Data Exchange. pp , 2001, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[107]  Robert Stone,et al.  Representing Functionality to Support Reuse: Conceptual and Supporting Functions , 2004 .

[108]  Clive L. Dym,et al.  Representation and Problem-Solving: The Foundations of Engineering Design , 1992 .

[109]  Joshua D. Summers Reasoning in Engineering Design , 2005 .

[110]  Christiaan J. J. Paredis,et al.  Modeling Reaction and Diffusion Processes of Fuel Cells within Modelica , 2009 .

[111]  Jeffrey D. Ullman,et al.  Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation , 1979 .

[112]  Jami J. Shah,et al.  The design exemplar: A new data structure for embodiment design automation , 2004 .

[113]  Balasubramanian Chandrasekaran,et al.  Representing function: Relating functional representation and functional modeling research streams , 2005, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[114]  Ian Horrocks,et al.  A Software Framework for Matchmaking Based on Semantic Web Technology , 2004, Int. J. Electron. Commer..

[115]  Albert Albers,et al.  Support of design engineering activity through C&CM - Temporal decomposition of design problems , 2008 .

[116]  Bruce G. Baumgart,et al.  Geometric modeling for computer vision. , 1974 .

[117]  Charles M. Eastman Cognitive Processes and III-Defined Problems: A Case Study from Design , 1969, IJCAI.

[118]  Tolga Kurtoglu A computational approach to innovative conceptual design , 2007 .

[119]  Y.-M. Deng,et al.  Function and behavior representation in conceptual mechanical design , 2002, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[120]  Peter Linz,et al.  An Introduction to Formal Languages and Automata , 1997 .

[121]  Cynthia J. Atman,et al.  Mapping between design activities and external representations for engineering student designers , 2006 .

[122]  Peter Pin-shan Chen Entity-Relationship Approach to Systems Analysis and Design. Proc. 1st International Conference on the Entity-Relationship Approach, Los Angeles, California, USA, 1979 , 1980 .

[123]  Peter P. Chen A Preliminary Framework for Entity-Relationship Models , 1981, ER.

[124]  Mads Torgersen,et al.  The c# programming language, third edition , 2008 .

[125]  Simon Szykman,et al.  A functional basis for engineering design: Reconciling and evolving previous efforts , 2002 .

[126]  Ram D. Sriram,et al.  Ontology-based exchange of product data semantics , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering.

[127]  Pawel Garbacz,et al.  Towards a standard taxonomy of artifact functions , 2006, Appl. Ontology.

[128]  George A. Hazelrigg,et al.  On the role and use of mathematical models in engineering design , 1999 .

[129]  Jeff Prosise Programming Windows with MFC (with CD-ROM), Second Edition , 1999 .

[130]  Riichiro Mizoguchi,et al.  An Ontological Model of Device Function and Its Deployment for Engineering Knowledge Sharing , 2005 .

[131]  Jaime Cervantes de Gortari,et al.  Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics, third ed., A. Bejan. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ (2006), ISBN: 978-0-471-67763-5 , 2007 .

[132]  Peter P. Chen Entity-Relationship Approach to Information Modeling and Analysis, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Entity-Relationship Approach (ER'81), Washington, DC, USA, October 12-14, 1981 , 1981 .

[133]  Matthew I. Campbell,et al.  A study on the grammatical construction of function structures , 2005, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[134]  Matthew I. Campbell,et al.  A Grammar for Function Structures , 2004 .

[135]  Robert Stone,et al.  Product Design Support: Exploring a Design Repository System , 2004 .

[136]  Irem Y. Tumer,et al.  The function-failure design method , 2005 .

[137]  Rob H. Bracewell,et al.  Functional descriptions used in computer support for qualitative scheme generation—“Schemebuilder” , 1996, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[138]  John S. Gero,et al.  Creativity, emergence and evolution in design , 1996, Knowl. Based Syst..

[139]  J. A. Collins,et al.  The Failure-Experience Matrix—A Useful Design Tool , 1976 .

[140]  Daniel D. Frey,et al.  Engineering design thinking, teaching, and learning , 2006 .

[141]  Joshua D. Summers,et al.  Topological Information Content and Expressiveness of Function Models in Mechanical Design , 2010, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[142]  Christiaan J. J. Paredis,et al.  5.5.1 An Overview of the SysML‐Modelica Transformation Specification , 2010 .

[143]  Tetsuo Tomiyama,et al.  Supporting conceptual design based on the function-behavior-state modeler , 1996, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.