Stereoelectroencephalography in the “difficult to localize” refractory focal epilepsy: Early experience from a North American epilepsy center

Purpose:  Stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) enables precise recordings from deep cortical structures, multiple noncontiguous lobes, as well as bilateral explorations while avoiding large craniotomies. Despite a long reported successful record, its application in the United States has not been widely adopted. We report on our initial experience with the SEEG methodology in the extraoperative mapping of refractory focal epilepsy in patients who were not considered optimal surgical candidates for other methods of invasive monitoring. We focused on the applied surgical technique and its utility and efficacy in this subgroup of patients.

[1]  Intracranial electrophysiologic studies. , 1995, Neuroimaging clinics of North America.

[2]  Ayako Ochi,et al.  Complications of invasive subdural grid monitoring in children with epilepsy. , 2003, Journal of neurosurgery.

[3]  Philippe Kahane,et al.  Definition and localization of the epileptogenic zone The Bancaud and Talairach view on the epileptogenic zone : a working hypothesis , 2006 .

[4]  D W Roberts,et al.  Medically Intractable, Localization‐related Epilepsy with Normal MRI: Presurgical Evaluation and Surgical Outcome in 43 Patients , 2001, Epilepsia.

[5]  B. Rydenhag,et al.  Complications of Epilepsy Surgery after 654 Procedures in Sweden, September 1990–1995: A Multicenter Study Based on the Swedish National Epilepsy Surgery Register , 2001, Neurosurgery.

[6]  Hans O Lüders,et al.  The use of subdural grids in the management of focal malformations due to abnormal cortical development. , 2002, Neurosurgery clinics of North America.

[7]  Lara Jehi,et al.  When is a postoperative seizure equivalent to “epilepsy recurrence” after epilepsy surgery? , 2010, Epilepsia.

[8]  Karen Byth,et al.  Risk factors for complications during intracranial electrode recording in presurgical evaluation of drug resistant partial epilepsy , 2009, Acta Neurochirurgica.

[9]  S. Shorvon,et al.  Presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy and normal MRI: role of scalp video-EEG telemetry , 1999, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[10]  H. Lüders,et al.  The epileptogenic zone: general principles. , 2006, Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape.

[11]  I. Najm,et al.  A longitudinal study of surgical outcome and its determinants following posterior cortex epilepsy surgery , 2009, Epilepsia.

[12]  H H Morris,et al.  Predictors of outcome after temporal lobectomy for the treatment of intractable epilepsy , 2006, Neurology.

[13]  S. Noachtar,et al.  Nichtinvasives Protokoll für die epilepsiechirurgische Behandlung fokaler Epilepsien , 1999, Der Nervenarzt.

[14]  T. Rasmussen.  Tailoring of Cortical Excisions for Frontal Lobe Epilepsy , 1991, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.

[15]  Scott L. Simon,et al.  Complications of Invasive Monitoring Used in Intractable Pediatric Epilepsy , 2002, Pediatric Neurosurgery.

[16]  D. Nair,et al.  Subdural electrode analysis in focal cortical dysplasia , 2007, Neurology.

[17]  G K Bergey,et al.  Subdural grid implantation for intracranial EEG recording: CT and MR appearance. , 1998, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[18]  A. Parrent,et al.  Morbidity Associated With the Use of Intracranial Electrodes for Epilepsy Surgery , 2006, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.

[19]  S. Chabardès,et al.  [Epilepsy surgery in France]. , 2008, Neuro-Chirurgie.

[20]  J. Hahn,et al.  Complications of invasive video-EEG monitoring with subdural grid electrodes , 2002, Neurology.

[21]  C. Herzog,et al.  [Noninvasive protocol for surgical treatment of focal epilepsies]. , 1999, Der Nervenarzt.

[22]  Francesco Cardinale,et al.  Stereoelectroencephalography in the Presurgical Evaluation of Focal Epilepsy: A Retrospective Analysis of 215 Procedures , 2005, Neurosurgery.

[23]  R. Mattson,et al.  Frontal Lobe Tumoral Epilepsy: Clinical, Neurophysiologic Features and Predictors of Surgical Outcome , 2002, Epilepsia.

[24]  Hans Lüders,et al.  Definition and localization of the epileptogenic zone Definition of the epileptogenic zone in a patient with non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the dominant hemisphere , 2006 .

[25]  J Talairach,et al.  Stereotaxic exploration in frontal epilepsy. , 1992, Advances in neurology.

[26]  P Jayakar,et al.  Invasive EEG monitoring in children: when, where, and what? , 1999, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[27]  Jeffrey G Ojemann,et al.  Complications of invasive subdural electrode monitoring at St. Louis Children's Hospital, 1994-2005. , 2006, Journal of neurosurgery.

[28]  Hans Lüders,et al.  Surgical outcome and prognostic factors of frontal lobe epilepsy surgery. , 2007, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[29]  S. Dupont,et al.  La chirurgie de l’épilepsie en France : Évaluation de l’activité , 2008 .

[30]  D. Hoffmann,et al.  [Presurgical evaluation of intractable epilepsy using stereo-electro-encephalography methodology: principles, technique and morbidity]. , 2008, Neuro-Chirurgie.

[31]  H. Lüders,et al.  Presurgical evaluation of epilepsy. , 2001, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[32]  Intracranial electrophysiologic studies. , 1995 .

[33]  W. Pilcher,et al.  Complications of epilepsy surgery. , 1993, Neurosurgery clinics of North America.

[34]  Marc Guenot,et al.  Neurophysiological Monitoring for Epilepsy Surgery: The Talairach SEEG Method , 2002, Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery.

[35]  J Bancaud,et al.  Functional stereotaxic exploration (SEEG) of epilepsy. , 1970, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[36]  H. Lüders,et al.  Seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery in patients with normal preoperative MRI , 2005, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

[37]  P. Beleza,et al.  Frontal lobe epilepsy , 2011, Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.