Plasmonic resonances in diffractive arrays of gold nanoantennas: near and far field effects.

We examine the excitation of plasmonic resonances in arrays of periodically arranged gold nanoparticles placed in a uniform refractive index environment. Under a proper periodicity of the nanoparticle lattice, such nanoantenna arrays are known to exhibit narrow resonances with asymmetric Fano-type spectral line shape in transmission and reflection spectra having much better resonance quality compared to the single nanoparticle case. Using numerical simulations, we first identify two distinct regimes of lattice response, associated with two-characteristic states of the spectra: Rayleigh anomaly and lattice plasmon mode. The evolution of the electric field pattern is rigorously studied for these two states revealing different configurations of optical forces: the first regime is characterized by the concentration of electric field between the nanoparticles, yielding to almost complete transparency of the array, whereas the second regime is characterized by the concentration of electric field on the nanoparticles and a strong plasmon-related absorption/scattering. We present electric field distributions for different spectral positions of Rayleigh anomaly with respect to the single nanoparticle resonance and optimize lattice parameters in order to maximize the enhancement of electric field on the nanoparticles. Finally, by employing collective plasmon excitations, we explore possibilities for electric field enhancement in the region between the nanoparticles. The presented results are of importance for the field enhanced spectroscopy as well as for plasmonic bio and chemical sensing.

[1]  Allen Taflove,et al.  Computational Electrodynamics the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method , 1995 .

[2]  S. Enoch,et al.  Resonant optical transmission through thin metallic films with and without holes. , 2003, Optics express.

[3]  G. Schatz,et al.  Electromagnetic fields around silver nanoparticles and dimers. , 2004, The Journal of chemical physics.

[4]  George C. Schatz,et al.  Silver nanoparticle array structures that produce giant enhancements in electromagnetic fields , 2005 .

[5]  P. Nordlander,et al.  The Fano resonance in plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials. , 2010, Nature materials.

[6]  C. P. Burrows,et al.  Cascaded optical field enhancement in composite plasmonic nanostructures. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[7]  S. Kawata,et al.  Plasmonics for near-field nano-imaging and superlensing , 2009 .

[8]  Petr I. Nikitin,et al.  Surface plasmon resonance interferometer for bio- and chemical-sensors , 1998 .

[9]  George C Schatz,et al.  Narrow plasmonic/photonic extinction and scattering line shapes for one and two dimensional silver nanoparticle arrays. , 2004, The Journal of chemical physics.

[10]  R. W. Christy,et al.  Optical Constants of the Noble Metals , 1972 .

[11]  Jaime Gómez Rivas,et al.  Universal scaling of the figure of merit of plasmonic sensors. , 2011, ACS nano.

[12]  V. Kravets,et al.  Sensitivity of collective plasmon modes of gold nanoresonators to local environment. , 2010, Optics letters.

[13]  F. G. D. Abajo.  Colloquium: Light scattering by particle and hole arrays , 2007, 0903.1671.

[14]  W. Barnes,et al.  Diffractive arrays of gold nanoparticles near an interface: Critical role of the substrate , 2010, 1007.4428.

[15]  R. Wood.  XLII. On a remarkable case of uneven distribution of light in a diffraction grating spectrum , 1902 .

[16]  Vadim A. Markel.  LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Divergence of dipole sums and the nature of non-Lorentzian exponentially narrow resonances in one-dimensional periodic arrays of nanospheres , 2005 .

[17]  Harald Giessen,et al.  Optical properties of planar metallic photonic crystal structures: Experiment and theory , 2004 .

[18]  Jeffrey N. Anker,et al.  Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors. , 2008, Nature materials.

[19]  Petr I. Nikitin,et al.  Phase jumps and interferometric surface plasmon resonance imaging , 1999 .

[20]  Boris N. Chichkov,et al.  Collective resonances in metal nanoparticle arrays with dipole-quadrupole interactions , 2012 .

[21]  R. T. Hill,et al.  Probing the Ultimate Limits of Plasmonic Enhancement , 2012, Science.

[22]  P. K. Aravind,et al.  The enhancement of raman and fluorescent intensity by small surface roughness. changes in dipole emission , 1980 .

[23]  B. Liedberg,et al.  Biosensing with surface plasmon resonance--how it all started. , 1995, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[24]  E. Schonbrun,et al.  Experimental observation of narrow surface plasmon resonances in gold nanoparticle arrays , 2008 .

[25]  E. Simsek.  Full analytical model for obtaining surface plasmon resonance modes of metal nanoparticle structures embedded in layered media. , 2010, Optics express.

[26]  Giorgio Volpe,et al.  Unidirectional Emission of a Quantum Dot Coupled to a Nanoantenna , 2010, Science.

[27]  G. Wurtz,et al.  Plasmonic nanorod metamaterials for biosensing. , 2009, Nature materials.

[28]  Michael Sarrazin,et al.  Role of Wood anomalies in optical properties of thin metallic films with a bidimensional array of subwavelength holes , 2003, physics/0311013.

[29]  Lord Rayleigh,et al.  On the Dynamical Theory of Gratings , 1907 .

[30]  E. Simsek.  On the Surface Plasmon Resonance Modes of Metal Nanoparticle Chains and Arrays , 2009 .

[31]  J. Rivas,et al.  Lighting up multipolar surface plasmon polaritons by collective resonances in arrays of nanoantennas. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[32]  Petr I. Nikitin,et al.  Surface plasmon resonance bio- and chemical sensors with phase-polarisation contrast , 1999 .

[33]  Shengli Zou,et al.  Remarkable Radiation Efficiency through Leakage Modes in Two-Dimensional Silver Nanoparticle Arrays , 2011 .

[34]  M. Kerker.  Electromagnetic model for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on metal colloids , 1984 .

[35]  George C Schatz,et al.  Silver nanoparticle array structures that produce remarkably narrow plasmon lineshapes. , 2004, The Journal of chemical physics.

[36]  J. Ketterson,et al.  Resonant modes of dipole-coupled lattices , 2004 .

[37]  Stefan Enoch,et al.  Theory of light transmission through subwavelength periodic hole arrays , 2000 .

[38]  W. Barnes,et al.  Surface plasmon subwavelength optics , 2003, Nature.

[39]  V. Kravets,et al.  Extremely narrow plasmon resonances based on diffraction coupling of localized plasmons in arrays of metallic nanoparticles. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[40]  H. Lezec,et al.  Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays , 1998, Nature.

[41]  U. Fano,et al.  The Theory of Anomalous Diffraction Gratings and of Quasi-Stationary Waves on Metallic Surfaces (Sommerfeld’s Waves) , 1941 .

[42]  Steven R. Emory,et al.  Probing Single Molecules and Single Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering , 1997, Science.

[43]  Wei Zhou,et al.  Tunable subradiant lattice plasmons by out-of-plane dipolar interactions. , 2011, Nature nanotechnology.

[44]  W. Barnes,et al.  Collective resonances in gold nanoparticle arrays. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[45]  A. A. Oliner,et al.  A New Theory of Wood’s Anomalies on Optical Gratings , 1965 .

[46]  H. Giessen,et al.  Waveguide-plasmon polaritons: strong coupling of photonic and electronic resonances in a metallic photonic crystal slab. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[47]  J. Gómez Rivas,et al.  Shaping the fluorescent emission by lattice resonances in plasmonic crystals of nanoantennas. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[48]  J. Vigneron,et al.  Bounded modes to the rescue of optical transmission , 2007, 0710.3291.

[49]  R. Wood,et al.  On a Remarkable Case of Uneven Distribution of Light in a Diffraction Grating Spectrum , 1902 .

[50]  Yuri S. Kivshar,et al.  Fano Resonances in Nanoscale Structures , 2010 .

[51]  D. Bergman,et al.  Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation: quantum generation of coherent surface plasmons in nanosystems. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[52]  Vincenzo Giannini,et al.  Surface modes in plasmonic crystals induced by diffractive coupling of nanoantennas , 2009 .