A scanning PIV method for fine-scale turbulence measurements

A hybrid technique is presented that combines scanning PIV with tomographic reconstruction to make spatially and temporally resolved measurements of the fine-scale motions in turbulent flows. The technique uses one or two high-speed cameras to record particle images as a laser sheet is rapidly traversed across a measurement volume. This is combined with a fast method for tomographic reconstruction of the particle field for use in conjunction with PIV cross-correlation. The method was tested numerically using DNS data and with experiments in a large mixing tank that produces axisymmetric homogeneous turbulence at $$R_\lambda \simeq 219$$Rλ≃219. A parametric investigation identifies the important parameters for a scanning PIV set-up and provides guidance to the interested experimentalist in achieving the best accuracy. Optimal sheet spacings and thicknesses are reported, and it was found that accurate results could be obtained at quite low scanning speeds. The two-camera method is the most robust to noise, permitting accurate measurements of the velocity gradients and direct determination of the dissipation rate.

[1]  Yi Li,et al.  A public turbulence database cluster and applications to study Lagrangian evolution of velocity increments in turbulence , 2008, 0804.1703.

[2]  A. Lent,et al.  Iterative reconstruction algorithms. , 1976, Computers in biology and medicine.

[3]  W. Schröder,et al.  Experimental investigation of the transitional bronchial velocity distribution using stereo scanning PIV , 2011, Experiments in Fluids.

[4]  Fulvio Scarano,et al.  Tomographic PIV: principles and practice , 2012 .

[5]  C. Brücker,et al.  3-D scanning-particle-image-velocimetry: Technique and application to a spherical cap wake flow , 1996 .

[6]  Eliezer Kit,et al.  Experimental investigation of the field of velocity gradients in turbulent flows , 1992, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[7]  Min-Soo Kim,et al.  Elliptic relaxation second moment closure for the turbulent heat fluxes , 2008 .

[8]  Nicholas A. Worth,et al.  Acceleration of Tomo-PIV by estimating the initial volume intensity distribution , 2008 .

[9]  Arkady Tsinober,et al.  An informal conceptual introduction to turbulence , 2009 .

[10]  Joseph Katz,et al.  Turbulent flow measurement in a square duct with hybrid holographic PIV , 1997 .

[11]  Tommaso Astarita,et al.  Analysis of weighting windows for image deformation methods in PIV , 2007 .

[12]  Y. Andreopoulos,et al.  An experimental study of the dissipative and vortical motion in turbulent boundary layers , 2001, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[13]  S. Tanveer,et al.  A note on third–order structure functions in turbulence , 1999, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[14]  S. T. Buckland,et al.  An Introduction to the Bootstrap. , 1994 .

[15]  C. Brücker.  3D scanning PIV applied to an air flow in a motored engine using digital high-speed video , 1997 .

[16]  Brian J. Cantwell,et al.  Dynamics of a low Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer , 2000, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[17]  Markus Raffel,et al.  Particle Image Velocimetry: A Practical Guide , 2002 .

[18]  N. Worth.  Tomographic PIV measurement of coherent dissipation scale structures , 2010 .

[19]  Julio Soria,et al.  A study of the fine‐scale motions of incompressible time‐developing mixing layers , 1992 .

[20]  Fulvio Scarano,et al.  A particle-tracking approach for accurate material derivative measurements with tomographic PIV , 2013 .

[21]  C. Brücker,et al.  Digital-Particle-Image-Velocimetry (DPIV) in a scanning light-sheet: 3D starting flow around a short cylinder , 1995 .

[22]  R. A. Shaw,et al.  Can We Understand Clouds Without Turbulence? , 2010, Science.

[23]  Bernhard Wieneke,et al.  Tomographic particle image velocimetry , 2006 .

[24]  Bernhard Wieneke,et al.  Stereo-PIV using self-calibration on particle images , 2005 .

[25]  Stuart Cameron,et al.  PIV algorithms for open-channel turbulence research: Accuracy, resolution and limitations , 2011 .

[26]  Y. Kaneda,et al.  Small-scale statistics in high-resolution direct numerical simulation of turbulence: Reynolds number dependence of one-point velocity gradient statistics , 2007, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[27]  Jürgen Kompenhans,et al.  Proceedings of the EUROPIV 2 Workshop held in Zaragoza, Spain, March 31 - April 1, 2003 , 2004 .

[28]  Jun Sakakibara,et al.  High-speed scanning stereoscopic PIV for 3D vorticity measurement in liquids , 2004 .

[29]  Alain Farcy,et al.  Time-resolved scanning tomography PIV measurements around a flapping wing , 2012 .

[30]  N. Worth,et al.  Time-resolved volumetric measurement of fine-scale coherent structures in turbulence. , 2011, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[31]  Noel T. Clemens,et al.  Determination of complete velocity gradient tensor by using cinematographic stereoscopic PIV in a turbulent jet , 2007 .

[32]  F. Diez,et al.  Time resolved visualization of structures of velocity gradients measured with near Kolmogorov-scale resolution in turbulent free-shear flows , 2011 .

[33]  Thomas Leweke,et al.  Analysis and treatment of errors due to high velocity gradients in particle image velocimetry , 2003 .

[34]  Ivan Marusic,et al.  Universal aspects of small-scale motions in turbulence , 2010, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[35]  Andreas Schröder,et al.  Investigation of a turbulent spot and a tripped turbulent boundary layer flow using time-resolved tomographic PIV , 2008 .

[36]  Sigurdur T. Thoroddsen,et al.  Scanning tomographic particle image velocimetry applied to a turbulent jet , 2013 .

[37]  Holger Nobach,et al.  Influence of individual variations of particle image intensities on high-resolution PIV , 2011 .

[38]  Y. Couder,et al.  Direct observation of the intermittency of intense vorticity filaments in turbulence. , 1991, Physical review letters.

[39]  Katepalli R. Sreenivasan.  Possible Effects of Small-Scale Intermittency in Turbulent Reacting Flows , 2004 .

[40]  James M. Wallace,et al.  Twenty years of experimental and direct numerical simulation access to the velocity gradient tensor: What have we learned about turbulence?a) , 2009 .

[41]  J. Westerweel,et al.  The EUROPIV Synthetic Image Generator (S.I.G.) , 2004 .

[42]  Fulvio Scarano,et al.  On the velocity of ghost particles and the bias errors in Tomographic-PIV , 2011 .

[43]  R. Tibshirani,et al.  An introduction to the bootstrap , 1993 .

[44]  Christoph Brücker,et al.  Single-view volumetric PIV via high-resolution scanning, isotropic voxel restructuring and 3D least-squares matching (3D-LSM) , 2013 .

[45]  S. Laizet,et al.  The effects of resolution and noise on kinematic features of fine-scale turbulence , 2011 .

[46]  Andrew Ooi,et al.  A study of the evolution and characteristics of the invariants of the velocity-gradient tensor in isotropic turbulence , 1999, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[47]  William K. George,et al.  Locally axisymmetric turbulence , 1991, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[48]  J. Westerweel,et al.  Particle Image Velocimetry for Complex and Turbulent Flows , 2013 .

[49]  Werner J. A. Dahm,et al.  Dual-plane stereo particle image velocimetry measurements of velocity gradient tensor fields in turbulent shear flow. I. Accuracy assessments , 2006 .