Effects of inter-stimulus interval (ISI) duration on the N1 and P2 components of the auditory event-related potential.

The N1 and P2 components of the event-related potential are relevant markers in the processing of auditory information, indicating the presence of several acoustic phenomena, such as pure tones or speech sounds. In addition, the expression of these components seems to be sensitive to diverse experimental variations. The main purpose of the present investigation was to explore the role of inter-stimulus interval (ISI) on the N1 and P2 responses, considering two widely used experimental paradigms: a single tone task (1000 Hz sound repeated in a fixed rhythm) and an auditory oddball (80% of the stimuli were equal to the sound used in the single tone and the remaining were a 1500 Hz tone). Both tasks had four different conditions, and each one tested a fixed value of ISI (600, 1000, 3000, or 6000 ms). A sample of 22 participants performed these tasks, while an EEG was recorded, in order to examine the maximum amplitude of the N1 and P2 components. Analysis of the stimuli in the single tone task and the frequent tones in the oddball task revealed a similar outcome for both tasks and for both components: N1 and P2 amplitudes were enhanced in conditions with longer ISIs regardless of task. This response pattern emphasizes the dependence of both the N1 and P2 components on the ISI, especially in a scenario of repetitive and regular stimulation. The absence of task effects suggests that the ISI effect reported may depend on refractory mechanisms rather than being due to habituation effects.

[1]  Antoine J. Shahin,et al.  Enhancement of Neuroplastic P2 and N1c Auditory Evoked Potentials in Musicians , 2003, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[2]  J. Ford,et al.  Parameters of temporal recovery of the human auditory evoked potential. , 1976, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[3]  Margot J. Taylor,et al.  Guidelines for using human event-related potentials to study cognition: recording standards and publication criteria. , 2000, Psychophysiology.

[4]  F. Rösler,et al.  Effects of interstimulus interval on auditory event-related potentials in congenitally blind and normally sighted humans , 1999, Neuroscience Letters.

[5]  R Core Team,et al.  R: A language and environment for statistical computing. , 2014 .

[6]  Patrick Berg,et al.  Artifact Correction of the Ongoing EEG Using Spatial Filters Based on Artifact and Brain Signal Topographies , 2002, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[7]  J. Ford,et al.  Reduced auditory evoked potential component N100 in schizophrenia — A critical review , 2008, Psychiatry Research.

[8]  Antoine J. Shahin,et al.  Auditory training alters the physiological detection of stimulus-specific cues in humans , 2009, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[9]  K. Crowley,et al.  A review of the evidence for P2 being an independent component process: age, sleep and modality , 2004, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[10]  T. Picton,et al.  A method for removing cochlear implant artifact , 2010, Hearing Research.

[11]  B. Ross,et al.  Stimulus experience modifies auditory neuromagnetic responses in young and older listeners , 2009, Hearing Research.

[12]  S. Andrews,et al.  The effect of repeated testing on ERP components during auditory selective attention. , 1991, Psychophysiology.

[13]  A. Buchner,et al.  ERP correlates of the irrelevant sound effect. , 2010, Psychophysiology.

[14]  Rodrigo Quian Quiroga,et al.  Effects of stimulus repetitions on the event-related potential of humans and rats. , 2004, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[15]  J L Kenemans,et al.  Habituation: an event-related potential and dipole source analysis study. , 2000, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[16]  H. Neville,et al.  Auditory and visual refractory period effects in children and adults: An ERP study , 2005, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[17]  M. Dorman,et al.  Abnormalities in central auditory maturation in children with language-based learning problems , 2006, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[18]  D. Javitt,et al.  Diminished responsiveness of ERPs in schizophrenic subjects to changes in auditory stimulation parameters: implications for theories of cortical dysfunction , 1999, Schizophrenia Research.

[19]  J. Pernier,et al.  Two separate frontal components in the N1 wave of the human auditory evoked response. , 1994, Psychophysiology.

[20]  C. Escera,et al.  Impaired preparatory re-mapping of stimulus–response associations and rule-implementation in schizophrenic patients—The role for differences in early processing , 2011, Biological Psychology.

[21]  E. Callaway,et al.  Auditory evoked potential amplitude and variability--effects of task and intellectual ability. , 1974, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[22]  A. Muller-Gass,et al.  The effects of very slow rates of stimulus presentation on event-related potential estimates of hearing threshold , 2008, International journal of audiology.

[23]  C. Schroeder,et al.  Schizophrenia-like deficits in auditory P1 and N1 refractoriness induced by the psychomimetic agent phencyclidine (PCP) , 2000, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[24]  N. Cowan.  On short and long auditory stores. , 1984, Psychological bulletin.

[25]  M. Lewandowska,et al.  Towards electrophysiological correlates of auditory perception of temporal order , 2008, Neuroscience Letters.

[26]  K. Reinikainen,et al.  Interstimulus interval and the selective-attention effect on auditory ERPs: "N1 enhancement" versus processing negativity. , 2007, Psychophysiology.

[27]  C. Gonsalvez,et al.  Stimulus-to-matching-stimulus interval influences N1, P2, and P3b in an equiprobable Go/NoGo task. , 2014, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[28]  W. von Suchodoletz,et al.  Auditory sensory memory and language abilities in former late talkers: a mismatch negativity study. , 2010, Psychophysiology.

[29]  N. Dolu,et al.  Habituation of the Auditory Evoked Potential in a Short Interstimulus Interval Paradigm , 2000, The International journal of neuroscience.

[30]  M. Steinschneider,et al.  The maturation of human evoked brain potentials to sounds presented at different stimulus rates , 2008, Hearing Research.

[31]  P. Brockhoff,et al.  lmerTest: Tests for random and fixed effects for linear mixed effect models (lmer objects of lme4 package) , 2014 .

[32]  P. R. Almeida,et al.  The auditory P200 is both increased and reduced in schizophrenia? A meta-analytic dissociation of the effect for standard and target stimuli in the oddball task , 2012, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[33]  B. Kotchoubey,et al.  Event-related potentials, cognition, and behavior: A biological approach , 2006, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[34]  E. Mercado,et al.  Evoked-potential changes following discrimination learning involving complex sounds , 2012, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[35]  D. A. Nelson,et al.  Combined effects of recovery period and stimulus intensity on the human auditory evoked vertex response. , 1973, Journal of speech and hearing research.

[36]  D. Bates,et al.  Linear Mixed-Effects Models using 'Eigen' and S4 , 2015 .

[37]  J. Rust,et al.  Habituation and the orienting response in the auditory cortical evoked potential. , 1977, Psychophysiology.

[38]  H. Davis,et al.  The slow response of the human cortex to auditory stimuli: recovery process. , 1966, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[39]  H. Sauer,et al.  Habituation of the auditory evoked field component N100m and its dependence on stimulus duration , 2002, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[40]  C. Rennie,et al.  Decrement of the N1 auditory event-related potential with stimulus repetition: habituation vs. refractoriness. , 1998, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[41]  T W Picton,et al.  Temporal and sequential probability in evoked potential studies. , 1981, Canadian journal of psychology.

[42]  S. Giaquinto,et al.  Stability of word comprehension with age An electrophysiological study , 2007, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.

[43]  Curtis J. Billings,et al.  Speech evoked cortical potentials: effects of age and stimulus presentation rate. , 2004, Journal of the American Academy of Audiology.

[44]  T. Rosburg,et al.  Short-term habituation of auditory evoked potential and neuromagnetic field components in dependence of the interstimulus interval , 2010, Experimental Brain Research.

[45]  Donghong Jiang,et al.  Consecutive repetition effects for affective-distractor pictures in a visual oddball task: Electrophysiological evidence from an ERP study , 2013, Brain Research.

[46]  D. A. Nelson,et al.  Effects of intersignal interval on the human auditory evoked response. , 1968, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[47]  Jordi Costa-Faidella,et al.  Interactions between “What” and “When” in the Auditory System: Temporal Predictability Enhances Repetition Suppression , 2011, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[48]  W. Roth,et al.  The auditory evoked response to repeated stimuli during a vigilance task. , 1969, Psychophysiology.

[49]  I. Winkler,et al.  The concept of auditory stimulus representation in cognitive neuroscience. , 1999, Psychological bulletin.

[50]  Marina Schmid,et al.  An Introduction To The Event Related Potential Technique , 2016 .

[51]  T. Picton,et al.  The N1 wave of the human electric and magnetic response to sound: a review and an analysis of the component structure. , 1987, Psychophysiology.

[52]  S. Luck.  An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique , 2005 .

[53]  Y. Tong,et al.  P2 enhancement from auditory discrimination training is associated with improved reaction times , 2009, Brain Research.

[54]  R. Näätänen,et al.  Interstimulus interval and auditory event-related potentials in children: evidence for multiple generators. , 1998, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[55]  P. Leppänen,et al.  N1 and P2 components of auditory event-related potentials in children with and without reading disabilities , 2007, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[56]  R. McCarley,et al.  Reductions in the N1 and P2 auditory event-related potentials in first-hospitalized and chronic schizophrenia. , 2010, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[57]  J. Polich,et al.  P300 development from auditory stimuli. , 1986, Psychophysiology.

[58]  R. Kakigi,et al.  Auditory N1 as a change-related automatic response , 2011, Neuroscience Research.

[59]  C. Fischer,et al.  Mismatch negativity (MMN) in multiple sclerosis: An event-related potentials study in 46 patients , 2006, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[60]  R. Butler,et al.  Stimulus repetition rate factors which influence the auditory evoked potential in man. , 1969, Psychophysiology.

[61]  A. Starr,et al.  Brain potentials before and during memory scanning. , 1996, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[62]  E Gordon,et al.  Is the target-to-target interval a critical determinant of P3 amplitude? , 1999, Psychophysiology.

[63]  D L Woods,et al.  The recovery functions of auditory event-related potentials during split-second discriminations. , 1986, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[64]  K. Lange.  Can a regular context induce temporal orienting to a target sound? , 2010, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[65]  J. Polich,et al.  P300 amplitude is determined by target-to-target interval. , 2002, Psychophysiology.