Material characterization and development of a constitutive relationship for hypervelocity impact of 1080 Steel and VascoMax 300

Abstract The area of hypervelocity impact and associated high energy is one of extreme interest in the research community. A specific example of this emphasis is the US Air Force test facility at Holloman Air Force Base which specializes in the field of hypervelocity impact testing. This Holloman AFB High Speed Test Track (HHSTT) is currently working to increase the speed of their test vehicle to above Mach 10. As the test sled's speed has increased into the Mach 8.5 range, a material interaction has developed which causes “gouging” in the rails or the sled's “shoes” and this starts a process that can result in catastrophic failure. In the tests that do not structurally fail, the rails and shoes are damaged. Previous efforts in investigating this event have resulted in a choice of the most suitable computer code (CTH), and a model of the shoe/rail interaction. However, the specific materials present in this impact problem were not available in CTH. In this work, the specific materials present at the HHSTT (VascoMax 300 and 1080 Steel) will be characterized using the Split Hopkinson Bar Test and a Johnson–Cook constitutive model will be developed. The model will then be validated by comparison to a series of Taylor impact tests. The coating materials utilized on the rails at the HHSTT will also be evaluated using a Taylor impact test.

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