Rethinking Why and How Organizations Acquire Information Technologies, Part 1

The purpose of this essay is to examine how a comfortable paradigm for explaining the spread of a major technology began cracking, shaken by new findings. I do this by, first, summarizing familiar explanations for the diffusion of computing, as much recently historical research still depends on it. Then I describe problems-cracks-appearing in these assumptions, followed by a proposed modification of how to view IT's diffusion-the why and how-an an update more in line with current historiography. The conclusion of this essay identifies implications for research on other technologies, especially those that emerged during the Second Industrial Revolution still unfolding, many of which are morphing into quasi-computers themselves.

[1]  Gerald D. Redwine Key Finding , 2019, Beyond Transformative Learning in African-American Adult Education.

[2]  J. Cortada,et al.  From Urban Legends to Political Fact-Checking: Online Scrutiny in America, 1990-2015 , 2019, History of Computing.

[3]  JoAnne Yates,et al.  Engineering Rules: Global Standard Setting since 1880 , 2019 .

[4]  J. Cortada IBM: The Rise and Fall and Reinvention of a Global Icon , 2019 .

[5]  Christopher J. Tozzi For Fun and Profit: A History of the Free and Open Source Software Revolution , 2017 .

[6]  America Book,et al.  Paths Of Innovation Technological Change In 20th Century America , 2016 .

[7]  N. Bauer Project Whirlwind The History Of A Pioneer Computer , 2016 .

[8]  S. Greenstein How the Internet Became Commercial: Innovation, Privatization, and the Birth of a New Network , 2015 .

[9]  E. Medina,et al.  Beyond Imported Magic: Essays on Science, Technology, and Society in Latin America , 2014 .

[10]  A. Russell Open Standards and the Digital Age: History, Ideology, And Networks , 2014 .

[11]  Eve E. Buckley Cybernetic Revolutionaries: Technology and Politics in Allende’s Chile , 2013 .

[12]  James W. Cortada,et al.  How New Technologies Spread: Lessons from Computing Technologies , 2013 .

[13]  Janet Abbate,et al.  Recoding Gender: Women's Changing Participation in Computing , 2012 .

[14]  J. Cortada The Digital Flood: The Diffusion of Information Technology Across the U.S., Europe, and Asia , 2012 .

[15]  James W. Cortada,et al.  Shaping Information History as an Intellectual Discipline , 2012 .

[16]  W. Marsden I and J , 2012 .

[17]  J. Cortada How computers changed the work of American public sector industories , 2008 .

[18]  J. Steehler Understanding Moore's Law—Four Decades of Innovation (David C. Brock, ed.) , 2007 .

[19]  D. Mowery,et al.  The Federal Role in Financing Major Innovations: Information Technology during the Postwar Period , 2007 .

[20]  Steven W. Usselman Learning the Hard Way: IBM and the Sources of Innovation in Early Computing , 2007 .

[21]  Robert W. Keyes,et al.  The Impact of Moore's Law , 2006, IEEE Solid-State Circuits Newsletter.

[22]  Arthur L. Norberg Computers and Commerce: A Study of Technology and Management at Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company, Engineering Research Associates, and Remington Rand, 1946-1957 (History of Computing) , 2005 .

[23]  David Alan Grier,et al.  When computers were human , 2005 .

[24]  James W. Cortada,et al.  The Digital Hand, Vol 3 , 2003 .

[25]  Thomas Haigh,et al.  The Chromium-Plated Tabulator: Institutionalizing an Electronic Revolution, 1954-1958 , 2001, IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput..

[26]  Glyn Moody,et al.  Rebel Code: Linux and the Open Source Revolution , 2001 .

[27]  E. Brynjolfsson,et al.  Beyond Computation: Information Technology, Organizational Transformation and Business Performance , 2000 .

[28]  Bruce T. Grimm,et al.  A Note on the Impact of Hedonics and Computers on Real GDP , 2000 .

[29]  J. Abbate,et al.  Inventing the Internet , 1999 .

[30]  Paul E. Ceruzzi,et al.  A history of modern computing , 1999 .

[31]  G.E. Moore,et al.  Cramming More Components Onto Integrated Circuits , 1998, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[32]  R. Schaller,et al.  Moore's law: past, present and future , 1997 .

[33]  Daniel E. Sichel,et al.  The Computer Revolution: An Economic Perspective , 1997 .

[34]  Martin Campbell-Kelly,et al.  Computer: A History of the Information Machine , 1998 .

[35]  James W. Cortada,et al.  Before the Computer: IBM, NCR, Burroughs, and Remington Rand and the Industry They Created, 1865–1956 by James W. Cortada (review) , 1994, Technology and Culture.

[36]  Martin Campbell-Kelly,et al.  ICL: A Business and Technical History , 1989 .

[37]  Michael R. Williams,et al.  A history of computing technology , 1985 .

[38]  Merritt Roe Smith,et al.  Forces of production : a social history of industrial automation , 1985 .

[39]  E.E. Swartzlander The origins of digital computers: Selected papers, 2nd edition , 1977, Proceedings of the IEEE.