Rendering drawings for interactive haptic perception

This paper describes a rendering method for generating tangible drawings of spatial real world objects based on a theory of haptic image perception and understanding. The method is based on an analysis of the process of drawing used by blind people and on cognitive considerations. A haptic rendering pipeline has been implemented which uses methods such as folding out or flattening to create 2D images from 3D models. The evaluation currently being carried out is described and the results are discussed in a broader application context.

[1]  Martin Kurze,et al.  TDraw: a computer-based tactile drawing tool for blind people , 1996, Assets '96.

[2]  Thomas Strothotte,et al.  Assessing the effect of non-photorealistic rendered images in CAD , 1996, CHI '96.

[3]  Masami Shinohara,et al.  Experimental study of 3-D tactile display: a step towards the improvement , 1996 .

[4]  American Foundation for the Blind , 1967 .

[5]  Franz Peter Seiler,et al.  Producing hardcopy graphics for blind or visually impaired persons using a special drawing program called RELIEF , 1993 .

[6]  Michael Eisenberg,et al.  The thin glass line: designing interfaces to algorithms , 1996, CHI.

[7]  John Kenneth Salisbury,et al.  Haptic rendering: programming touch interaction with virtual objects , 1995, I3D '95.

[8]  Bertold Schulz,et al.  Design and possible applications of a dynamic graphic tactile display , 1996 .

[9]  Vincent Hayward,et al.  The pantograph: a large workspace haptic device for multimodal human computer interaction , 1994, CHI '94.

[10]  Christophe Ramstein,et al.  Combining haptic and braille technologies: design issues and pilot study , 1996, Assets '96.

[11]  Waltraud Schweikhardt Interaktives Erkunden tastbarer Grafiken durch Blinde , 1985, Software-Ergonomie.

[12]  Thomas H. Massie,et al.  The PHANToM Haptic Interface: A Device for Probing Virtual Objects , 1994 .

[13]  Ed Burton,et al.  Thoughtful Drawings: A Computational Model of the Cognitive Nature of Children's Drawing , 1995, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[14]  Jürgen Lötzsch Computer-Aided Access to Tactile Graphics for the Blind , 1994, ICCHP.

[15]  R. Thouless A Racial Difference in Perception , 1933 .

[16]  M. Heller Picture and Pattern Perception in the Sighted and the Blind: The Advantage of the Late Blind , 1989, Perception.

[17]  W. Hudson Pictorial Depth Perception in Sub-Cultural Groups in Africa , 1960 .