Cost optimization in water supply networks

A method is illustrated through a case study for the optimal design of multi‐source, looped and gravity‐fed water distribution networks subjected to a single loading pattern. The solution is based on transportation and linear programming (LP) techniques and produces a local optimal with the aid of the computer programmes. After the determination of unit transmission costs from sources to demand nodes, the design distribution graph for the distribution system is obtained by applying Modified‐Column Minimum (MODI) model. After the determination of the design distribution, the network cost minimization model using LP techniques is formulated and solved to deal with the diameter, D‐specified condition.