A formal approach for the specification and verification of a Trustworthy Human Resource Discovery mechanism in the Expert Cloud

Proposing a method for Trustworthy Human Resource Discovery (THRD) in Expert Cloud.Verifying the compositions of THRD by behavioral models and state diagrams.Defining a Kripke structure of the compositions of THRD.Defining the properties of the compositions of THRD by temporal logic languages.Implementing the proposed model by NuSMV model checker. Expert Cloud as a new class of Cloud computing systems enables its users to request the skill, knowledge and expertise of people without any information of their location by employing Internet infrastructures and Cloud computing concepts. One of the most important service in Expert Cloud is to search trustworthy peoples in order to benefit from their knowledge and skills. In this paper we propose a new and applicable method for Trustworthy Human Resource Discovery (THRD) in Expert Cloud by introducing a resource discovery and trust evaluating method, implement the proposed method by using ASP.Net and SQL in Expert Cloud; verify the structures and compositions of THRD by describing the behavioral models and state diagrams; define a Kripke structure with marked states to provide the formal relationship between the expanded model and the original state diagram structures; define the expected properties of the structures and compositions of THRD by means of temporal logic languages; and implement the proposed model by NuSMV model checker. The results show that the proposed method can discover trustworthy people efficiently and is sound, complete, reachable, fair, deadlock-free and consistent.

[1]  Vijayan Sugumaran,et al.  A knowledge-based object modeling advisor for developing quality object models , 2012, Expert Syst. Appl..

[2]  Amir Pnueli,et al.  The temporal logic of programs , 1977, 18th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (sfcs 1977).

[3]  V. Kreinovich,et al.  Validated templates for specification of complex LTL formulas , 2012, J. Syst. Softw..

[4]  Mehdi Hosseinzadeh,et al.  Expert Grid: New Type of Grid to Manage the Human Resources and Study the Effectiveness of Its Task Scheduler , 2014 .

[5]  Shuaiqiang Wang,et al.  Formal behavior modeling and effective automatic refinement , 2010, Inf. Sci..

[6]  Stefano Battiston,et al.  A model of a trust-based recommendation system on a social network , 2006, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[7]  Ahmad Habibizad Navin,et al.  Resource discovery mechanisms in grid systems: A survey , 2014, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[8]  Lina Yao,et al.  Behavior modeling and automated verification of Web services , 2014, Inf. Sci..

[9]  May Haydar,et al.  A formal approach for run-time verification of web applications using scope-extended LTL , 2013, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[10]  Frank S. de Boer,et al.  Modeling and Verification of Reactive Systems using Rebeca , 2004, Fundam. Informaticae.

[11]  Ahmad Habibizad Navin,et al.  Behavioral modeling and automated verification of a Cloud-based framework to share the knowledge and skills of human resources , 2015, Comput. Ind..

[12]  Olfa Mosbahi,et al.  A formal approach for the development of reactive systems , 2011, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[13]  Dmitri V. Kalashnikov,et al.  Exploiting Web querying for Web people search , 2012, ACM Trans. Database Syst..

[14]  Mohammad Mahdi Jaghoori,et al.  Ten Years of Analyzing Actors: Rebeca Experience , 2011, Formal Modeling: Actors, Open Systems, Biological Systems.

[15]  Manfred Broy,et al.  Models, algebras and logic of engineering software , 2003 .

[16]  Craig MacDonald,et al.  The influence of the document ranking in expert search , 2009, CIKM.

[17]  Yang Zhao,et al.  Formal specification and verification of a coordination protocol for an automated air traffic control system , 2012, Sci. Comput. Program..

[18]  Martine De Cock,et al.  Clustering web people search results using fuzzy ants , 2010, Inf. Sci..

[19]  Hafedh Mili,et al.  On behavioral descriptions in object-oriented modeling , 1996, J. Syst. Softw..

[20]  Yongsheng Ding,et al.  Context-sensitive trust computing in distributed environments , 2012, Knowl. Based Syst..

[21]  Edmund M. Clarke,et al.  Model Checking , 1999, Handbook of Automated Reasoning.

[22]  Nima Jafari Navimipour,et al.  Behavioral modeling and formal verification of a resource discovery approach in Grid computing , 2014, Expert Syst. Appl..

[23]  Mohammad Mahdi Jaghoori,et al.  Symmetry and partial order reduction techniques in model checking Rebeca , 2010, Acta Informatica.

[24]  A. Parasuraman,et al.  SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. , 1988 .

[25]  Lei Liu,et al.  A Qualitative Representation and Similarity Measurement Method in Geographic Information Retrieval , 2013, ArXiv.

[26]  Fausto Giunchiglia,et al.  NUSMV: a new symbolic model checker , 2000, International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer.

[27]  Goetz Graefe,et al.  A survey of B-tree logging and recovery techniques , 2012, ACM Trans. Database Syst..

[28]  Luca Spalazzi,et al.  Model checking grid security , 2013, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[29]  Pierre-Yves Schobbens,et al.  A methodology for formal analysis and verification of EAST-ADL models , 2013, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[30]  Kristin Yvonne Rozier,et al.  Linear Temporal Logic Symbolic Model Checking , 2011, Comput. Sci. Rev..

[31]  Craig MacDonald,et al.  Mimicking Web search engines for expert search , 2011, Inf. Process. Manag..

[32]  Fausto Giunchiglia,et al.  NUSMV: A New Symbolic Model Verifier , 1999, CAV.

[33]  Samir Ouchani,et al.  A property-based abstraction framework for SysML activity diagrams , 2014, Knowl. Based Syst..

[34]  Deng Cai,et al.  Co-Occurrence-Based Diffusion for Expert Search on the Web , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.

[35]  Kavita Moholkar,et al.  Web People Search Using Ontology Based Decision Tree , 2012 .

[36]  Arkady B. Zaslavsky,et al.  Formal verification of context and situation models in pervasive computing , 2013, Pervasive Mob. Comput..

[37]  Nima Jafari Navimipour,et al.  A comprehensive study of the resource discovery techniques in Peer-to-Peer networks , 2015, Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl..

[38]  Yuh-Jzer Joung,et al.  A Comparative Study of Expert Search Strategies in Online Social Networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE 27th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA).

[39]  Shabnam Hassanzadeh Sharif,et al.  A Review on Search and Discovery Mechanisms in Social Networks , 2013 .

[40]  Antonios Tsourdos,et al.  Kripke modelling and verification of temporal specifications of a multiple UAV system , 2011, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence.

[41]  Ahmad Habibizad Navin,et al.  Expert Cloud: A Cloud-based framework to share the knowledge and skills of human resources , 2015, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[42]  Ken Kaneiwa,et al.  Extended Full Computation-Tree Logic with Sequence Modal Operator: Representing Hierarchical Tree Structures , 2009, Australasian Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

[43]  Glenn Shafer,et al.  A Mathematical Theory of Evidence , 2020, A Mathematical Theory of Evidence.

[44]  Shou-De Lin,et al.  Context-based people search in labeled social networks , 2011, CIKM '11.

[45]  Jamal Bentahar,et al.  Verifying conformance of multi-agent commitment-based protocols , 2013, Expert Syst. Appl..

[46]  Craig MacDonald,et al.  Voting techniques for expert search , 2008, Knowledge and Information Systems.

[47]  Ken Kaneiwa,et al.  Paraconsistent Computation Tree Logic , 2011, New Generation Computing.

[48]  W. L. Yeung,et al.  Behavioral modeling and verification of multi-agent systems for manufacturing control , 2011, Expert Syst. Appl..

[49]  Sunilkumar S. Manvi,et al.  Resource management for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in cloud computing: A survey , 2014, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[50]  Andreas Wichert,et al.  Finding Academic Experts on a MultiSensor Approach using Shannon's Entropy , 2013, Expert Syst. Appl..

[51]  Christel Baier,et al.  Compositional Semantics of an Actor-Based Language Using Constraint Automata , 2006, COORDINATION.

[52]  Gerard J. Holzmann,et al.  The SPIN Model Checker - primer and reference manual , 2003 .

[53]  A. N. Nepeivoda.  Verification of a technical system model with linear temporal logic , 2012 .

[54]  Maarten de Rijke,et al.  People searching for people: analysis of a people search engine log , 2011, SIGIR '11.

[55]  Ramanathan V. Guha,et al.  Propagation of trust and distrust , 2004, WWW '04.

[56]  Nima Jafari Navimipour,et al.  Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing Based on The Cuckoo Search Algorithm , 2015, Iraqi Journal of Computer, Communication, Control and System Engineering.

[57]  Pascal Lorenz,et al.  Model-driven approach supporting formal verification for web service composition protocols , 2013, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[58]  Liming Jiang,et al.  A new evidential trust model for open distributed systems , 2012, Expert Syst. Appl..