Kidney and liver histology in tumour-induced rats exposed to non-contact electric fields

Background: There were an estimated 2.1 million breast cancer diagnoses in 2018 worldwide, which is about 11.6% of the total cancer incidence. A novel modality of cancer treatment based on exposure to non-contact electric fields has been developed to reduce cancer incidence. However, the safety of the electric field exposure was not fully investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to observe the safety of the electric field exposure on renal and liver structure. Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into one control group and three treatment groups. Animals were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene for mammary tumour induction and exposed to non-contact electric fields individually for 10 hours a day for three weeks. Fresh samples of the kidney and liver were collected for observing structural damage in both organs. The two organs were prepared for histopathological cross-sectioning using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin & Eosin staining followed by histological scoring using the post-examination masking method. Results: The damages found in the kidney were the following: thickening of Bowman capsule, karyolysis, karyorrexhis, pyknosis, cloudy swelling, epithelial sloughing, inflammation, haemorrhage, and congestion. The number of inflammation and haemorrhage in the kidney structure of the placebo group was the lowest and significantly different from the three other groups. All damages in the kidney were also found in the liver, but each showed different levels of damage. The damages in the kidney and liver caused by the exposure were not significant. Conclusions: The non-contact electric fields were not harmful to renal and liver structure in tumour-induced rats. Instead, it may increase the renal function in normal rats.

[1]  J Zhang,et al.  Reducing ischemic kidney injury through application of a synchronization modulation electric field to maintain Na+/K+-ATPase functions , 2022, Science Translational Medicine.

[2]  R. Pratiwi,et al.  Cytotoxic T cells response with decreased CD4/CD8 ratio during mammary tumors inhibition in rats induced by non-contact electric fields , 2021, F1000Research.

[3]  A. Cabrita,et al.  Experimental Models as Refined Translational Tools for Breast Cancer Research , 2020, Scientia Pharmaceutica.

[4]  L. Rems,et al.  Pulsed Electric Fields Can Create Pores in the Voltage Sensors of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels , 2020, Biophysical journal.

[5]  M. Stacey,et al.  Emerging Roles of the Membrane Potential: Action Beyond the Action Potential , 2018, Front. Physiol..

[6]  A. Jemal,et al.  Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries , 2018, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[7]  W. Taruno,et al.  Cell Death and Induced p53 Expression in Oral Cancer, HeLa, and Bone Marrow Mesenchyme Cells under the Exposure to Noncontact Electric Fields , 2017, Integrative Medicine International.

[8]  Emily Porter,et al.  Modeling of the dielectric properties of biological tissues within the histology region , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[9]  Thomas Kraus,et al.  Biological effects of exposure to static electric fields in humans and vertebrates: a systematic review , 2017, Environmental Health.

[10]  D. Iskandriati,et al.  Antiproliferative Effect of Electric Fields on Breast Tumor Cells In Vitro and In Vivo , 2017 .

[11]  Nilanjan Dey,et al.  Measurement of glomerulus diameter and Bowman's space width of renal albino rats , 2016, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

[12]  Robert H. Jenkins,et al.  Kidney ischaemia reperfusion injury in the rat: the EGTI scoring system as a valid and reliable tool for histological assessment , 2016 .

[13]  M. V. Tedardi,et al.  Chemical carcinogenesis by DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene) in female BALB/c mice: new facts , 2015 .

[14]  W. Ghonimi,et al.  Exposure Effects of 50 Hz, 1 Gauss Magnetic Field on the Histoarchitecture changes of Liver, Testis and Kidney of Mature Male Albino Rats , 2015 .

[15]  Rafael V. Davalos,et al.  In Vivo Irreversible Electroporation Kidney Ablation: Experimentally Correlated Numerical Models , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[16]  Wufan Chen,et al.  Temperature- and frequency-dependent dielectric properties of biological tissues within the temperature and frequency ranges typically used for magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery , 2014, International Journal of Hyperthermia.

[17]  William J. Brackenbury,et al.  Membrane potential and cancer progression , 2013, Front. Physiol..

[18]  D. Meyerholz,et al.  Principles for Valid Histopathologic Scoring in Research , 2013, Veterinary pathology.

[19]  Veena Sharma,et al.  Renoprotective effects of Moringa oleifera pods in 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene-exposed mice. , 2012, Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine.

[20]  H. Kesba,et al.  Biochemical changes in grape rootstocks resulted from humic acid treatments in relation to nematode infection. , 2012, Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine.

[21]  Christopher L Brace,et al.  Expanded modeling of temperature-dependent dielectric properties for microwave thermal ablation , 2011, Physics in medicine and biology.

[22]  M. Kandeel,et al.  Nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress of single large dose or two divided doses of gentamicin in rats. , 2011, Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS.

[23]  Chris Chatwin,et al.  Electrical properties of breast cancer cells from impedance measurement of cell suspensions , 2010 .

[24]  N. Arora,et al.  Lycopene mediated modulation of 7,12 Dimethlybenz (a) anthracene induced hepatic clastogenicity in male Balb/c mice. , 2010, Nutricion hospitalaria.

[25]  M. Goicochea,et al.  Oxidative stress and inflammation, a link between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. , 2008, Kidney international. Supplement.

[26]  E. Dekel,et al.  Alternating electric fields arrest cell proliferation in animal tumor models and human brain tumors , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[27]  W. Fan,et al.  Influence of pulsed electromagnetic field with different pulse duty cycles on neurite outgrowth in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells , 2005, Bioelectromagnetics.

[28]  G. Gutierrez,et al.  Clinical review: Hemorrhagic shock , 2004, Critical care.

[29]  Sang Kon Lee,et al.  Effects of 60 Hz electromagnetic field exposure on testicular germ cell apoptosis in mice. , 2004, Asian journal of andrology.

[30]  F. Paraf,et al.  A new orthotopic model of human breast cancer in immunocompetent rats. , 2003, Anticancer research.

[31]  Michael C. Kolios,et al.  Changes in dielectric properties at 460 kHz of kidney and fat during heating: importance for radio-frequency thermal therapy. , 2003, Physics in medicine and biology.

[32]  R. Bharali,et al.  Chemomodulatory effect of Moringa oleifera, Lam, on hepatic carcinogen metabolising enzymes, antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesis in mice. , 2003, Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP.

[33]  Michael Karin,et al.  Is NF‐κB the sensor of oxidative stress? , 1999 .

[34]  R. Pratiwi,et al.  CCL2 and IL18 expressions may associate with the anti-proliferative effect of noncontact electro capacitive cancer therapy in vivo. , 2019, F1000Research.

[35]  A. Cabrita,et al.  Adipose tissue and liver in DMBA experimental intoxication , 2016 .

[36]  M. El-Gerbed.  Silymarin, protects against 7,12dimethyl-benz[a] anthracene -induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats , 2013 .

[37]  Veena Sharma,et al.  Chemo Protective role of Moringa oleifera and its isolated Saponin against DMBA induced Tissue Damage in male mice: A Histopathological analysis , 2012 .

[38]  Sharma.,et al.  Anti-nephrotoxic effect of administration of Moringa oleifera Lam in amelioration of DMBA-induced renal carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice , 2011 .

[39]  A. Salehzadeh,et al.  Induction of mammary gland tumor in female Sprague-Dawley rats with LA 7 cells , 2010 .