Exploring Drug Sourcing among Regular Prescription Opioid Users in Canada: Data from Toronto and Victoria

De récentes données nord-américaines ont révélé une augmentation de l’abus des opiacés sur ordonnance (OO) dans la population générale et chez les consommateurs de drogues vendues sur la voie publique. Ce qui distingue ce phénomène des drogues illicites est la « source d’approvisionnement », puisqu’on peut obtenir des OO par différents moyens « dérivés » du système médical ou d’autres sources. Toutefois, on ignore encore le rôle général joué par le marché des drogues illicites pour les OO. Des personnes qui consommaient fréquemment des OO dans les rues de Toronto (N = 43) et de Victoria (N = 39) ont été recrutées par des centres communautaires. Elles ont rempli un questionnaire administré par un interviewer portant sur les caractéristiques de l’approvisionnement en OO sur le marché des drogues vendues sur la voie publique. Les répondants consommaient de multiples drogues, qu’elles soient opiacées ou non. Quelques-uns d’entre eux possédaient leur propre ordonnance pour des OO. Les sources « ordinaires » d’OO étaient plus fréquentes à Toronto. Une proportion assez importante de répondants des deux villes ont affirmé qu’ils échangeaient ou vendaient des drogues illicites : à Toronto, il pouvait s’agir de drogues opiacées ou non, tandis qu’à Victoria, il s’agissait surtout de drogues non opiacées. D’après les répondants, la source d’approvisionnement sur la voie publique pour les OO pourrait être distincte de celle pour les drogues illicites. On a observé une augmentation de la disponibilité, de la demande et du prix des drogues non opiacées au cours des dernières années. Le marché des drogues illicites semble être une des sources d’approvision-nement permettant d’accroître le taux d’utilisation des OO chez les consommateurs de la rue. Selon nos données, le marché des OO serait structuré différemment de celui des autres drogues illicites. Il faudra en tenir compte lors de l’élaboration éventuelle de techniques d’intervention et de projets de recherche. Recent North American data document increased prescription opioid (PO) misuse in general and street-drug-user populations. One aspect of this phenomenon – as distinct from illicit drug use – appears to be sourcing, since POs may be obtained through various forms of diversion from the medical system and other sources. However, the overall function of street-drug markets for POs remains unclear. Regular street users of POs in Toronto (N = 43) and Victoria (N = 39) were recruited by community-based methods and completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire exploring features of PO sourcing from street-drug markets. Respondents were PO- and non-opioid poly-drug users, with few holding their own prescription for POs. Regular sources for POs were more common in Toronto. Sizeable proportions of respondents in both sites reported exchanging and selling illicit drugs, involving both PO and non-PO drugs in Toronto, yet mainly restricted to the latter in Victoria. Respondents suggested a possible demarcation line between street market sources for POs and street market sources for illicit drugs. The availability of, demand for, and prices for PO-drugs was observed to have increased in recent years. Street-drug markets appear to be one key source feeding increasing levels of PO use among street users. Our data suggest that there may be distinct market patterns for POs, findings which are important for developing interventions and future research.

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