Proteomics in Kidney Allograft Transplantation—Application of Molecular Pathway Analysis for Kidney Allograft Disease Phenotypic Biomarker Selection

There is a need for accurate, robust, non‐invasive methods to provide early diagnosis of graft lesions after kidney transplantation. A multitude of proteomic biomarkers for the major kidney allograft disease phenotypes defined by the BANFF classification criteria have been described in literature. None of these biomarkers have been established in the clinic. A key reason for this is the lack of clinical validation which is difficult, as even the gold standard of diagnosis, kidney biopsy, is often ambiguous.