Electrical properties and equalization of lithium-ion cells in automotive applications

This paper explores certain key properties of lithium-ion batteries important for automotive applications. Long-term laboratory tests have been conducted to characterize these cells. The results address state-of-charge measurement and characterization, input-output charge efficiency, and needs and results with charge equalization. The results show that open-circuit voltage can provide a basis for state-of-charge measurement. High input-output energy storage efficiency is a key benefit of Li-ion technology-a vital performance parameter for hybrid vehicles. Charge equalization is an important consideration for Li-ion applications, and active equalization is needed to insure safe operation and deliver long life. Present commercial devices vary significantly among manufacturers.

[1]  J. McDowall,et al.  Lithium ion: the next generation of long life batteries characteristics, life predictions, and integration into telecommunication systems , 2000, INTELEC. Twenty-Second International Telecommunications Energy Conference (Cat. No.00CH37131).

[2]  Philip T. Krein,et al.  Switched capacitor system for automatic series battery equalization , 1997, Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference.

[3]  Philip T. Krein,et al.  Equalization of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries: issues and life test results , 2000, INTELEC. Twenty-Second International Telecommunications Energy Conference (Cat. No.00CH37131).

[4]  H. Tuphorn,et al.  Sealed lead/acid batteries: theory and applications , 1990 .

[5]  M. Zolot,et al.  Battery usage and thermal performance of the Toyota Prius and Honda Insight during chassis dynamometer testing , 2002, Seventeenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of Conference (Cat. No.02TH8576).