Use it or lose it: multiscale skeletal muscle adaptation to mechanical stimuli

[1]  Ellen Kuhl,et al.  Growing matter: a review of growth in living systems. , 2014, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.

[2]  S. Joo,et al.  Control of fresh meat quality through manipulation of muscle fiber characteristics. , 2013, Meat science.

[3]  Ellen Kuhl,et al.  Mathematical modeling of collagen turnover in biological tissue , 2012, Journal of Mathematical Biology.

[4]  J. McCarthy,et al.  MicroRNAs in skeletal muscle biology and exercise adaptation. , 2013, Free radical biology & medicine.

[5]  Andrea M. Hanson,et al.  Longitudinal characterization of functional, morphologic, and biochemical adaptations in mouse skeletal muscle with hindlimb suspension , 2013, Muscle & nerve.

[6]  Scott L Delp,et al.  Sarcomere lengths in human extensor carpi radialis brevis measured by microendoscopy , 2013, Muscle & nerve.

[7]  D Güllmar,et al.  Determination of three‐dimensional muscle architectures: validation of the DTI‐based fiber tractography method by manual digitization , 2013, Journal of anatomy.

[8]  D. Weitz,et al.  Strain history dependence of the nonlinear stress response of fibrin and collagen networks , 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[9]  Skeletal muscle adaptations to physical inactivity and subsequent retraining in young men , 2013, Biogerontology.

[10]  Maike Sturmat,et al.  Three-dimensional surface geometries of the rabbit soleus muscle during contraction: input for biomechanical modelling and its validation , 2013, Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology.

[11]  M. Daniels,et al.  Hindlimb muscle morphology and function in a new atrophy model combining spinal cord injury and cast immobilization. , 2013, Journal of neurotrauma.

[12]  Matthew Millard,et al.  Flexing computational muscle: modeling and simulation of musculotendon dynamics. , 2013, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[13]  Markus Böl,et al.  Stretching Skeletal Muscle: Chronic Muscle Lengthening through Sarcomerogenesis , 2012, PloS one.

[14]  J. B. Davidson,et al.  A Physiologically Based, Multi-Scale Model of Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function , 2012, Front. Physio..

[15]  D. Falla,et al.  Non-uniform muscle adaptations to eccentric exercise and the implications for training and sport. , 2012, Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology.

[16]  M. Gautel,et al.  The sarcomeric cytoskeleton as a target for pharmacological intervention. , 2012, Current opinion in pharmacology.

[17]  Gerhard A Holzapfel,et al.  Experiments and mechanochemical modeling of smooth muscle contraction: significance of filament overlap. , 2012, Journal of theoretical biology.

[18]  R. Aspden,et al.  A longitudinal MRI study of muscle atrophy during lower leg immobilization following ankle fracture , 2012, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[19]  J. Bojsen-Møller,et al.  Muscle Morphological and Strength Adaptations to Endurance Vs. Resistance Training , 2012, Journal of strength and conditioning research.

[20]  N. Ichihashi,et al.  Effects of a 4-week static stretch training program on passive stiffness of human gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit in vivo , 2011, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[21]  M. Kjaer,et al.  Myogenic response of human skeletal muscle to 12 weeks of resistance training at light loading intensity , 2011, Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.

[22]  E Kuhl,et al.  Computational modeling of growth: systemic and pulmonary hypertension in the heart , 2011, Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology.

[23]  R. Lieber,et al.  Structure and function of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix , 2011, Muscle & nerve.

[24]  E. Jarocka,et al.  Muscle passive stiffness increases less after the second bout of eccentric exercise compared to the first bout. , 2011, Journal of science and medicine in sport.

[25]  Scott L. Delp,et al.  Fibre operating lengths of human lower limb muscles during walking , 2011, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[26]  Lucas R. Smith,et al.  Hamstring contractures in children with spastic cerebral palsy result from a stiffer extracellular matrix and increased in vivo sarcomere length , 2011, The Journal of physiology.

[27]  J D Humphrey,et al.  Perspectives on biological growth and remodeling. , 2011, Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids.

[28]  M. Gautel Cytoskeletal protein kinases: titin and its relations in mechanosensing , 2011, Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology.

[29]  T. Beck,et al.  An examination of the time course of training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy , 2011, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[30]  L. L. Ploutz-Snyder,et al.  Unilateral lower limb suspension: integrative physiological knowledge from the past 20 years (1991–2011) , 2011, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[31]  I. V. Ogneva Transversal stiffness of fibers and desmin content in leg muscles of rats under gravitational unloading of various durations. , 2010, Journal of applied physiology.

[32]  O Röhrle Simulating the Electro-Mechanical Behavior of Skeletal Muscles , 2010, Computing in Science & Engineering.

[33]  Serdar Göktepe,et al.  A generic approach towards finite growth with examples of athlete's heart, cardiac dilation, and cardiac wall thickening , 2010 .

[34]  R. Fitts,et al.  Prolonged space flight‐induced alterations in the structure and function of human skeletal muscle fibres , 2010, The Journal of physiology.

[35]  Serdar Göktepe,et al.  A multiscale model for eccentric and concentric cardiac growth through sarcomerogenesis. , 2010, Journal of theoretical biology.

[36]  C. Maganaris,et al.  On muscle, tendon and high heels , 2010, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[37]  Markus Böl,et al.  Micromechanical modelling of skeletal muscles: from the single fibre to the whole muscle , 2010 .

[38]  K. Kubo,et al.  Time Course of Changes in Muscle and Tendon Properties During Strength Training and Detraining , 2010, Journal of strength and conditioning research.

[39]  D. Jones,et al.  Resistance training increases in vivo quadriceps femoris muscle specific tension in young men , 2010, Acta physiologica.

[40]  O. Pansarasa,et al.  Resistance training of long duration modulates force and unloaded shortening velocity of single muscle fibres of young women. , 2009, Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology.

[41]  Constantinos N. Maganaris,et al.  Differential adaptations to eccentric versus conventional resistance training in older humans , 2009, Experimental physiology.

[42]  A. Nordez,et al.  Modeling of the passive mechanical properties of the musculo-articular complex: acute effects of cyclic and static stretching. , 2009, Journal of biomechanics.

[43]  M. Makarov,et al.  The Role of Variable Muscle Adaptation to Limb Lengthening in the Development of Joint Contractures: An Experimental Study in the Goat , 2009, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[44]  O. Seynnes,et al.  Effects of eccentric strength training on biceps femoris muscle architecture and knee joint range of movement , 2009, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[45]  W. Reid,et al.  The effects of eccentric versus concentric resistance training on muscle strength and mass in healthy adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis , 2008, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[46]  John B. Davidson,et al.  Bridging Scales: A Three-Dimensional Electromechanical Finite Element Model of Skeletal Muscle , 2008, SIAM J. Sci. Comput..

[47]  Markus Böl,et al.  Micromechanical modelling of skeletal muscles based on the finite element method , 2008, Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering.

[48]  J. Matheus,et al.  Biomechanical Effects of Immobilization and Rehabilitation on the Skeletal Muscle of Trained and Sedentary Rats , 2008, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[49]  Scott L. Delp,et al.  Minimally invasive high-speed imaging of sarcomere contractile dynamics in mice and humans , 2008, Nature.

[50]  P. D. di Prampero,et al.  Early structural adaptations to unloading in the human calf muscles , 2008, Acta physiologica.

[51]  T. Yamazaki,et al.  Age-Associated Changes in Atrophy of the Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle in Hindlimb-Suspended Rats , 2008 .

[52]  F. Kainberger,et al.  Muscle wasting in intensive care patients: ultrasound observation of the M. quadriceps femoris muscle layer. , 2008, Journal of rehabilitation medicine.

[53]  C. Maganaris,et al.  Human tendon behaviour and adaptation, in vivo , 2008, The Journal of physiology.

[54]  J. Fridén,et al.  Immobilization of the rabbit tibialis anterior muscle in a lengthened position causes addition of sarcomeres in series and extra-cellular matrix proliferation. , 2008, Journal of biomechanics.

[55]  M. Gautel,et al.  The sarcomere and sarcomerogenesis. , 2008, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[56]  Anthony J Blazevich,et al.  Influence of concentric and eccentric resistance training on architectural adaptation in human quadriceps muscles. , 2007, Journal of applied physiology.

[57]  Constantinos N Maganaris,et al.  Time course of muscular, neural and tendinous adaptations to 23‐day unilateral lower‐limb suspension in young men , 2007, The Journal of physiology.

[58]  E. Kuhl,et al.  A continuum model for remodeling in living structures , 2007 .

[59]  C. Maganaris,et al.  Plasticity of the Muscle-Tendon Complex With Disuse and Aging , 2007, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[60]  M. Elsalanty,et al.  Changes in pennate muscle architecture after gradual tibial lengthening in goats , 2007, Anatomical record.

[61]  S. Gandevia,et al.  Effects of eccentric exercise on passive mechanical properties of human gastrocnemius in vivo. , 2007, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[62]  R. Dash,et al.  A computational model of skeletal muscle metabolism linking cellular adaptations induced by altered loading states to metabolic responses during exercise , 2007, Biomedical engineering online.

[63]  Samuel R Ward,et al.  Muscle adaptation by serial sarcomere addition 1 year after femoral lengthening. , 2007, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[64]  M. Narici,et al.  Early skeletal muscle hypertrophy and architectural changes in response to high-intensity resistance training. , 2007, Journal of applied physiology.

[65]  R. Gajdosik,et al.  A stretching program increases the dynamic passive length and passive resistive properties of the calf muscle-tendon unit of unconditioned younger women , 2007, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[66]  I. Mekjavic,et al.  Hip, thigh and calf muscle atrophy and bone loss after 5-week bedrest inactivity , 2007, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[67]  A. Nordez,et al.  Acute effects of static stretching on passive stiffness of the hamstring muscles calculated using different mathematical models. , 2006, Clinical Biomechanics.

[68]  D. LaRoche,et al.  Effects of Stretching on Passive Muscle Tension and Response to Eccentric Exercise , 2006, American Journal of Sports Medicine.

[69]  G. D’Antona,et al.  Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and structure and function of skeletal muscle fibres in male body builders , 2006, The Journal of physiology.

[70]  S. Delp,et al.  Rectus femoris and vastus intermedius fiber excursions predicted by three-dimensional muscle models. , 2006, Journal of biomechanics.

[71]  Wolfgang A. Linke,et al.  Isoform Diversity of Giant Proteins in Relation to Passive and Active Contractile Properties of Rabbit Skeletal Muscles , 2005, The Journal of general physiology.

[72]  Henning Langberg,et al.  Coordinated collagen and muscle protein synthesis in human patella tendon and quadriceps muscle after exercise , 2005, The Journal of physiology.

[73]  M. Tarnopolsky,et al.  Sex-based differences in skeletal muscle function and morphology with short-term limb immobilization. , 2005, Journal of applied physiology.

[74]  F. Kadi,et al.  Skeletal muscle morphology in power-lifters with and without anabolic steroids , 2005, Histochemistry and Cell Biology.

[75]  J. Babraj,et al.  Myofibrillar and collagen protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle in young men after maximal shortening and lengthening contractions. , 2005, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[76]  J. Tidball Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Cells and Tissues Mechanical signal transduction in skeletal muscle growth and adaptation , 2005 .

[77]  S. Delp,et al.  Three-Dimensional Representation of Complex Muscle Architectures and Geometries , 2005, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[78]  S. Delp,et al.  A 3D model of muscle reveals the causes of nonuniform strains in the biceps brachii. , 2005, Journal of biomechanics.

[79]  P. Janmey,et al.  Nonlinear elasticity in biological gels , 2004, Nature.

[80]  W Herzog,et al.  A Framework for Structured Modeling of Skeletal Muscle , 2004, Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.

[81]  Duncan A Reid,et al.  Passive force, angle, and stiffness changes after stretching of hamstring muscles. , 2004, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[82]  Matthew Harber,et al.  Human single muscle fibre function with 84 day bed‐rest and resistance exercise , 2004, The Journal of physiology.

[83]  Michael Kjaer,et al.  Role of extracellular matrix in adaptation of tendon and skeletal muscle to mechanical loading. , 2004, Physiological reviews.

[84]  K. Häkkinen,et al.  Changes in muscle hypertrophy in women with periodized resistance training. , 2004, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[85]  L. Thornell,et al.  Evidence for myofibril remodeling as opposed to myofibril damage in human muscles with DOMS: an ultrastructural and immunoelectron microscopic study , 2004, Histochemistry and Cell Biology.

[86]  Peter P. Purslow,et al.  The morphology and mechanical properties of endomysium in series-fibred muscles: variations with muscle length , 1994, Journal of Muscle Research & Cell Motility.

[87]  L. Peltonen,et al.  Effects of aging and life-long physical training on collagen in slow and fast skeletal muscle in rats , 1987, Cell and Tissue Research.

[88]  P. Huijing,et al.  Growth and immobilization effects on sarcomeres: a comparison between gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the adult rat , 2004, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[89]  Wolfgang A. Linke,et al.  Gigantic variety: expression patterns of titin isoforms in striated muscles and consequences for myofibrillar passive stiffness , 2004, Journal of Muscle Research & Cell Motility.

[90]  J. Jürimäe,et al.  Changes in the myosin heavy chain isoform profile of the triceps brachii muscle following 12 weeks of resistance training , 2004, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[91]  A. Fry,et al.  The Role of Resistance Exercise Intensity on Muscle Fibre Adaptations , 2004, Sports medicine.

[92]  F. Goubel,et al.  Changes in stiffness induced by hindlimb suspension in rat soleus muscle , 2004, Pflügers Archiv.

[93]  Takashi Abe,et al.  Training-induced changes in muscle architecture and specific tension , 2004, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[94]  C. Bouchard,et al.  Human skeletal muscle fiber type alteration with high-intensity intermittent training , 2004, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[95]  D. Sale,et al.  Muscle ultrastructural characteristics of elite powerlifters and bodybuilders , 2004, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[96]  J. Fridén,et al.  Asynchronous Functional, Cellular and Transcriptional Changes after a Bout of Eccentric Exercise in the Rat , 2003, The Journal of physiology.

[97]  Peter A Huijing,et al.  Effects of inter- and extramuscular myofascial force transmission on adjacent synergistic muscles: assessment by experiments and finite-element modeling. , 2003, Journal of biomechanics.

[98]  Vincent J Caiozzo,et al.  Skeletal muscle unweighting: spaceflight and ground-based models. , 2003, Journal of applied physiology.

[99]  B. Saltin,et al.  The effect of ageing and immobilization on structure and function of human skeletal muscle fibres. , 2003, The Journal of physiology.

[100]  M R Drost,et al.  Finite element modelling of contracting skeletal muscle. , 2003, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[101]  T. Wren,et al.  A computational model for the adaptation of muscle and tendon length to average muscle length and minimum tendon strain. , 2003, Journal of biomechanics.

[102]  V. Edgerton,et al.  Atrophy responses to muscle inactivity. I. Cellular markers of protein deficits. , 2003, Journal of applied physiology.

[103]  J. Widrick,et al.  Functional adaptability of muscle fibers to long-term resistance exercise. , 2003, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[104]  Y. Ohira,et al.  Profiles of connectin (titin) in atrophied soleus muscle induced by unloading of rats. , 2003, Journal of applied physiology.

[105]  D. Thelen Adjustment of muscle mechanics model parameters to simulate dynamic contractions in older adults. , 2003, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[106]  V. Edgerton,et al.  Atrophy responses to muscle inactivity. II. Molecular markers of protein deficits. , 2003, Journal of applied physiology.

[107]  Vincent J Caiozzo,et al.  Plasticity of skeletal muscle phenotype: Mechanical consequences , 2002, Muscle & nerve.

[108]  W. Kraemer,et al.  Performance and Physiologic Adaptations to Resistance Training , 2002, American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation.

[109]  K. Baldwin,et al.  Effects of distraction on muscle length: mechanisms involved in sarcomerogenesis. , 2002, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[110]  P. Buschang,et al.  The Effect of the Amount of Limb Lengthening on Skeletal Muscle , 2002, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[111]  S. Delp,et al.  APONEUROSIS LENGTH AND FASCICLE INSERTION ANGLES OF THE BICEPS BRACHII , 2002 .

[112]  R. Lieber Skeletal Muscle Structure, Function, and Plasticity: The Physiological Basis of Rehabilitation , 2002 .

[113]  R. Fitts,et al.  Unilateral lower limb suspension does not mimic bed rest or spaceflight effects on human muscle fiber function. , 2002, Journal of applied physiology.

[114]  S. Trappe Effects of spaceflight, simulated spaceflight and countermeasures on single muscle fiber physiology. , 2002, Journal of gravitational physiology : a journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology.

[115]  T. Toursel,et al.  Passive tension of rat skeletal soleus muscle fibers: effects of unloading conditions. , 2002, Journal of applied physiology.

[116]  Sameer B. Shah,et al.  Evidence for increased myofibrillar mobility in desmin-null mouse skeletal muscle. , 2002, The Journal of experimental biology.

[117]  P. D. De Deyne Lengthening of muscle during distraction osteogenesis. , 2002, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[118]  P. Gallagher,et al.  Reduction in hybrid single muscle fiber proportions with resistance training in humans. , 2001, Journal of applied physiology.

[119]  S. Binder-Macleod,et al.  Human skeletal muscle fiber type classifications. , 2001, Physical therapy.

[120]  M. Deschenes,et al.  A comparison of the effects of unloading in young adult and aged skeletal muscle. , 2001, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[121]  T. Fukunaga,et al.  Inactivity and muscle: effect of resistance training during bed rest on muscle size in the lower limb. , 2001, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[122]  Se-Jin Lee,et al.  Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[123]  E. Simonsen,et al.  A mechanism for increased contractile strength of human pennate muscle in response to strength training: changes in muscle architecture , 2001, The Journal of physiology.

[124]  G. Margaritondo,et al.  Reactivity of Au with ultrathin Si layers: A photoemission study , 2001 .

[125]  T. Takala,et al.  Regulation of synthesis of fibrillar collagens in rat skeletal muscle during immobilization in shortened and lengthened positions. , 2001, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[126]  U. Proske,et al.  Human hamstring muscles adapt to eccentric exercise by changing optimum length. , 2001, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[127]  R. Gajdosik,et al.  Passive extensibility of skeletal muscle: review of the literature with clinical implications. , 2001, Clinical biomechanics.

[128]  T. Fukunaga,et al.  Influence of static stretching on viscoelastic properties of human tendon structures in vivo. , 2001, Journal of applied physiology.

[129]  G. Goldspink,et al.  Chapter 7 Gene expression associated with muscle adaptation in response to physical signals , 2001 .

[130]  F. Haddad,et al.  highlighted topics Plasticity in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle Invited Review: Effects of different activity and inactivity paradigms on myosin heavy chain gene expression in striated muscle , 2000 .

[131]  J. Fridén,et al.  Functional and clinical significance of skeletal muscle architecture , 2000, Muscle & nerve.

[132]  C. Kasper,et al.  Expression of Titin in Skeletal Muscle Varies with Hind-Limb Unloading , 2000, Biological research for nursing.

[133]  Dirk Pette,et al.  Myosin isoforms, muscle fiber types, and transitions , 2000, Microscopy research and technique.

[134]  P. Aagaard,et al.  Myosin heavy chain IIX overshoot in human skeletal muscle , 2000, Muscle & nerve.

[135]  R. Ogden,et al.  A New Constitutive Framework for Arterial Wall Mechanics and a Comparative Study of Material Models , 2000 .

[136]  D G Sale,et al.  The effects of acute passive stretch on muscle protein synthesis in humans. , 2000, Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee.

[137]  Gerhard A. Holzapfel,et al.  Nonlinear Solid Mechanics: A Continuum Approach for Engineering Science , 2000 .

[138]  H. Granzier,et al.  Mechanical properties of titin isoforms. , 2000, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[139]  J. Carson,et al.  Integrin signaling's potential for mediating gene expression in hypertrophying skeletal muscle. , 2000, Journal of applied physiology.

[140]  V. Edgerton,et al.  Myonuclear domains in muscle adaptation and disease , 1999, Muscle & nerve.

[141]  J. Herzenberg,et al.  Muscle regeneration and fiber‐type transformation during distraction osteogenesis , 1999, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[142]  D A Riley,et al.  Effect of a 17 day spaceflight on contractile properties of human soleus muscle fibres , 1999, The Journal of physiology.

[143]  P A Huijing,et al.  Muscle as a collagen fiber reinforced composite: a review of force transmission in muscle and whole limb. , 1999, Journal of biomechanics.

[144]  G. Goldspink Changes in muscle mass and phenotype and the expression of autocrine and systemic growth factors by muscle in response to stretch and overload , 1999, Journal of anatomy.

[145]  A. Thorstensson,et al.  Specific effects of eccentric and concentric training on muscle strength and morphology in humans , 1998, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[146]  L A Taber,et al.  Biomechanical growth laws for muscle tissue. , 1998, Journal of theoretical biology.

[147]  P. Kyberd,et al.  The morphological basis of increased stiffness of rabbit tibialis anterior muscles during surgical limb‐lengthening , 1998, Journal of anatomy.

[148]  J. Arenas,et al.  Histochemical study of the vastus lateralis muscle fibre types of athletes. , 1998, Journal of physiology and biochemistry.

[149]  V. Edgerton,et al.  Effects of inactivity on myosin heavy chain composition and size of rat soleus fibers , 1998, Muscle & nerve.

[150]  R. Lieber,et al.  Sarcomere number adaptation after retinaculum transection in adult mice. , 1998, The Journal of experimental biology.

[151]  Daniel L. Feeback,et al.  Impact of resistance exercise during bed rest on skeletal muscle sarcopenia and myosin isoform distribution. , 1998, Journal of applied physiology.

[152]  R E Grindeland,et al.  Growth hormone/IGF-I and/or resistive exercise maintains myonuclear number in hindlimb unweighted muscles. , 1997, Journal of applied physiology.

[153]  R. Fitts,et al.  Effect of 17 days of bed rest on peak isometric force and unloaded shortening velocity of human soleus fibers. , 1997, American journal of physiology. Cell physiology.

[154]  R. Billeter,et al.  Molecular biology of human muscle adaptation. , 1997, International journal of sports medicine.

[155]  P. Pichler,et al.  Determination of vacancy concentrations in the bulk of silicon wafers by platinum diffusion experiments , 1997 .

[156]  R. M. Simmons,et al.  Elasticity and unfolding of single molecules of the giant muscle protein titin , 1997, Nature.

[157]  R L Lieber,et al.  12 Force Transmission in Skeletal Muscle: from Actomyosin to External Tendons , 1997, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[158]  L. Larsson,et al.  Lower limb skeletal muscle function after 6 wk of bed rest. , 1997, Journal of applied physiology.

[159]  K. Baldwin,et al.  Modulation of myosin isoform expression by mechanical loading: role of stimulation frequency. , 1997, Journal of applied physiology.

[160]  K W Ranatunga,et al.  The viscous, viscoelastic and elastic characteristics of resting fast and slow mammalian (rat) muscle fibres. , 1996, The Journal of physiology.

[161]  C. Reggiani,et al.  Force‐velocity properties of human skeletal muscle fibres: myosin heavy chain isoform and temperature dependence. , 1996, The Journal of physiology.

[162]  V J Caiozzo,et al.  Microgravity-induced transformations of myosin isoforms and contractile properties of skeletal muscle. , 1996, Journal of applied physiology.

[163]  V. Edgerton,et al.  MHC and sarcoplasmic reticulum protein isoforms in functionally overloaded cat plantaris muscle fibers. , 1996, Journal of applied physiology.

[164]  L. Taber Biomechanics of Growth, Remodeling, and Morphogenesis , 1995 .

[165]  P. Kyberd,et al.  The response of muscle to leg lengthening. , 1995, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[166]  V R Edgerton,et al.  Myosin heavy chain isoforms of human muscle after short-term spaceflight. , 1995, Journal of applied physiology.

[167]  V R Edgerton,et al.  Human fiber size and enzymatic properties after 5 and 11 days of spaceflight. , 1995, Journal of applied physiology.

[168]  R. McLeod,et al.  Cephalad sacral resection with a combined extended ilioinguinal and posterior approach. , 1995, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[169]  E. Siggia,et al.  Entropic elasticity of lambda-phage DNA. , 1994, Science.

[170]  D. Morgan,et al.  Decline running produces more sarcomeres in rat vastus intermedius muscle fibers than does incline running. , 1994, Journal of applied physiology.

[171]  R. Lieber,et al.  Relationship between muscle fiber types and sizes and muscle architectural properties in the mouse hindlimb , 1994, Journal of morphology.

[172]  T. Matano,et al.  Adaptation of skeletal muscle in limb lengthening: A light diffraction study on the sarcomere length In situ , 1994, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[173]  W. Kraus,et al.  Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Chronic Low‐Frequency Motor Nerve Stimulation , 1994, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[174]  T. Fukunaga,et al.  Muscle-fiber pennation angles are greater in hypertrophied than in normal muscles. , 1993, Journal of applied physiology.

[175]  F. Zajac,et al.  Force- and moment-generating capacity of lower-extremity muscles before and after tendon lengthening. , 1992, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[176]  M. Cotter,et al.  Effects of lengthened immobilization on functional and histochemical properties of rabbit tibialis anterior muscle , 1992, Experimental physiology.

[177]  G. Goldspink,et al.  Gene expression in skeletal muscle in response to stretch and force generation. , 1992, The American journal of physiology.

[178]  F. Booth,et al.  Molecular and cellular adaptation of muscle in response to exercise: perspectives of various models. , 1991, Physiological reviews.

[179]  K. Klueber,et al.  Skeletal muscle following tonic overload: functional and structural analysis. , 1991, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[180]  V R Edgerton,et al.  The plasticity of skeletal muscle: effects of neuromuscular activity. , 1991, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[181]  Hao-ming Shen Spherical reflector as an electromagnetic‐missile launcher , 1990 .

[182]  T. Lømo,et al.  Expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in stimulated fast and slow rat muscles , 1990, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[183]  F. Booth,et al.  Atrophy of the soleus muscle by hindlimb unweighting. , 1990, Journal of applied physiology.

[184]  L. Sherwood Human Physiology : From Cells to Systems , 1989 .

[185]  P. Purslow,et al.  Strain-induced reorientation of an intramuscular connective tissue network: implications for passive muscle elasticity. , 1989, Journal of biomechanics.

[186]  P. Tesch Skeletal muscle adaptations consequent to long-term heavy resistance exercise. , 1988, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[187]  G. Goldspink,et al.  The importance of stretch and contractile activity in the prevention of connective tissue accumulation in muscle. , 1988, Journal of anatomy.

[188]  D. Matsumoto,et al.  Adaptation of skeletal muscle to immobilization in a shortened position , 1988, Muscle & nerve.

[189]  M. Rennie,et al.  Decrease in human quadriceps muscle protein turnover consequent upon leg immobilization. , 1987, Clinical science.

[190]  Harold Sandler,et al.  Inactivity: Physiological Effects , 1987 .

[191]  L. Peltonen,et al.  Effects of aging and life-long physical training on collagen in slow and fast skeletal muscle in rats. A morphometric and immuno-histochemical study. , 1987, Cell and tissue research.

[192]  R. Low,et al.  Changes in skeletal-muscle myosin isoenzymes with hypertrophy and exercise. , 1986, The Biochemical journal.

[193]  A. Magid,et al.  Myofibrils bear most of the resting tension in frog skeletal muscle. , 1985, Science.

[194]  G. Goldspink,et al.  Connective tissue changes in immobilised muscle. , 1984, Journal of anatomy.

[195]  C. Davies,et al.  Adaptive response of mammalian skeletal muscle to exercise with high loads , 1984, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[196]  V. Edgerton,et al.  Muscle architecture of the human lower limb. , 1983, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[197]  R. R. Roy,et al.  Is limb immobilization a model of muscle disuse? , 1983, Experimental Neurology.

[198]  K. Wang,et al.  A network of transverse and longitudinal intermediate filaments is associated with sarcomeres of adult vertebrate skeletal muscle , 1983, The Journal of cell biology.

[199]  S. Sahrmann,et al.  Review of length-associated changes in muscle. Experimental evidence and clinical implications. , 1982, Physical therapy.

[200]  J C Tabary,et al.  Adaptation of connective tissue length to immobilization in the lengthened and shortened positions in cat soleus muscle. , 1982, Journal de physiologie.

[201]  S. Sahrmann,et al.  Experimental Evidence and Clinical Implications , 1982 .

[202]  J. Karlsson,et al.  Physical performance, skeletal muscle enzyme activities, and fibre types in monozygous and dizygous twins of both sexes. , 1979, Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[203]  G. Goldspink,et al.  Changes in sarcomere length and physiological properties in immobilized muscle. , 1978, Journal of anatomy.

[204]  D. Goldspink The influence of passive stretch on the growth and protein turnover of the denervated extensor digitorum longus muscle. , 1978, The Biochemical journal.

[205]  S L Woo,et al.  Collagen cross-linking alterations in joint contractures: changes in the reducible cross-links in periarticular connective tissue collagen after nine weeks of immobilization. , 1977, Connective tissue research.

[206]  R. Armstrong,et al.  Compensatory adaptations of skeletal muscle fiber types to a long-term functional overload. , 1976, Life sciences.

[207]  J. Matthews,et al.  Connective tissue response to immobility , 1975 .

[208]  Hubbard Rw,et al.  Compensatory adaptations of skeletal muscle composition to a long-term functional overload. , 1975 .

[209]  R. Hubbard,et al.  Compensatory adaptations of skeletal muscle composition to a long-term functional overload. , 1975, Growth.

[210]  L. C. Maxwell,et al.  Estimation of number of fibers in guinea pig skeletal muscles. , 1974, Journal of applied physiology.

[211]  G. Goldspink,et al.  The effect of immobilization on the longitudinal growth of striated muscle fibres. , 1973, Journal of anatomy.

[212]  J C Tabary,et al.  Physiological and structural changes in the cat's soleus muscle due to immobilization at different lengths by plaster casts * , 1972, The Journal of physiology.

[213]  G. Goldspink,et al.  Longitudinal growth of striated muscle fibres. , 1971, Journal of cell science.

[214]  A. Huxley,et al.  The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibres , 1966, The Journal of physiology.

[215]  H. Huxley,et al.  Changes in the Cross-Striations of Muscle during Contraction and Stretch and their Structural Interpretation , 1954, Nature.

[216]  A. Hill The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle , 1938 .