Processing and analysis of polarimetric ground penetrating radar landmine signatures

The paper presents an analysis of landmine signatures acquired with a polarimetric ground penetrating radar (GPR). First, preprocessing was applied to isolate the target signatures from other reflection events. This included a frequency-wavenumber (f-k) filter to remove unwanted side reflections, followed by background subtraction to remove the direct wave and the ground reflection. The obtained polarimetric signatures of the landmines indicated that these can contain significant cross-polar components, which is in contrast to expectation for a target with a cylindrical casing and most likely a result of internal structure. Making use of the reciprocity property of the scattering matrix, the polarimetric signatures were transformed into the target frame, yielding signatures that are independent of target orientation. From the transformed signatures target impulse responses were estimated using a newly developed deconvolution algorithm. The novelty of the deconvolution algorithm lies in the fact that it computes impulse responses, which adhere to a physical model. Accordingly, the computed impulse responses can be related to mine properties such as size and dielectric permittivity. An interesting application of this is the estimation of a mine's permittivity from its impulse response and the impulse response of a calibration target, of which an example is given.