Energy Management in Chemical Industry

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Areas and Levels for Energy Management 2.1. Areas 2.2. Levels 3. Good Housekeeping 4. Audits, Monitoring, and Control 4.1. Energy Audits 4.2. Monitoring and Control 4.3. Energy Usage and Production Levels 4.4. Batch Processes 4.5. Advanced Monitoring and Control Systems 5. Heat Recovery 5.1. Process Design for Heat Recovery 5.2. Types of Heat Exchanger 5.3. Equipment Design 5.4. Example: Optimum Duty of a Waste-Heat Boiler 6. Distillation 6.1. Column Design 6.2. Methods of Increasing Energy Efficiency 6.3. Control and Operation of Columns 6.4. Column Improvements-Internals 6.5. Column Improvements-Control Systems 6.6. New Column Designs 7. Drying 7.1. Energy Efficiency of Dryers 7.2. Operation and Control of Convective Dryers 7.3. Heat Recovery from Convective Dryers 7.4. Microwave and Radio-Frequency Drying 7.5. Hybrid Dryers for Batch Processes 8. Process Design 8.1. Less Energy-Intensive Process Conditions 8.2. Improved Conversions